51系列单片机的结构和功能------外文翻译.doc

Structure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives- 51 serial one-chip computers .
An one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: ( 1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc.. ( 4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exporting too. ( 5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. ( 6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of the source . ( 7) One all duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. ( 8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc.. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8's accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with A expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded.
51系列单片机是具有一定结构和功能由英特尔公司生产的单片机产品。这家公司在1976年引入8位MCS - 48系列单片机后又在1980年推出了8位高档的MCS - 51系列单片机。它包含很多种类型的单片机，例如8051，8031，8751，80C51BH，80C31BH等等，它们的基本组成，基本性能和指令系统都是一样的。8051习惯性的用来代表51系列单片机。
一个单片机的系统由许多几部分组成：（1）一个8位CPU微处理器。（2）静态随机存取存储器，能够储存程序运行过程中产生的数据。（3）程序存储器ROM / EPROM中（4KB/8KB），用来保存程序和一些原始数据。但是在一些单片机中不使用ROM / EPROM中，例如8031，8032，80c系列等。（4）4个8排的I / O并行接口P0 ~P3，每个口即可用作输入也可用作输出。（5）2个定时器/计数器，每个定时器/计数器可设置计数来计数外部事件，也可以设置成常用的定时方式，并可以根据计算或结果控制单片机的运行。（6）五个中断源控制系统。（7）1个双向串行I / O口的UART（通用异步接收器/发送器UART），用来实现单片机的串行通信。（8）振荡器和时钟产生电路，需要外部电源的石英晶体微调电路，允许接在最大12v的振荡频率上。以上每部分通过内部数据总线连接。其中，CPU是单片机的核心，它是单片机的控制和指挥中心，ALU算数逻辑运算单元能够进行算术运算和逻辑运算，其组成是1个 8暂时存储器和2个 8位的累加器。Acc累加器是存放ALU运算结果的单元，一般数据通过它来传送。此外，Acc常常被作为对8051内的数据传输的中转站。与通常的微处理器一样，它是最繁忙的寄存器。有记忆功能并执行命令。这个控制器包括程序计数器，可..