中小企业环境成本会计的实施----------外文翻译.doc
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中小企业环境成本会计的实施----------外文翻译,1．environmental cost accounting in smessince its inception some 30 years ago, environmental cost accounting (eca) has reached a stage of development where indiv...
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1．ENVIRONMENTAL COST ACCOUNTING IN SMES
Since its inception some 30 years ago, Environmental Cost Accounting (ECA) has reached a stage of development where individual ECA systems are separated from the core accounting system based an assessment of environmental costs with (see Fichter et al., 1997, Letmathe and Wagner , 2002).
As environmental costs are commonly assessed as overhead costs, neither the older concepts of full costs accounting nor the relatively recent one of direct costing appear to represent an appropriate basis for the implementation of ECA. Similar to developments in conventional accounting, the theoretical and conceptual sphere of ECA has focused on process-based accounting since the 1990s (see Hallay and Pfriem, 1992, Fischer and Blasius, 1995, BMU/UBA, 1996, Heller et al., 1995, Letmathe, 1998, Spengler and H.hre, 1998).
自从成立三十年以来，环境成本会计已经发展到一定阶段，环境会计成本体系已经从以环境成本评估为基础的会计制度核心中分离出来（参考Fichter et al., 1997, Letmathe 和 Wagner , 2002）。
由于环境成本经常被评估为一般管理费用，传统观念的完全成本会计或者直接成本都没有为环境成本会计的实施描述一个适当的基础。与传统会计发展类似，自从20世纪90年代以来，环境会计在概念和理论领域的重点放在了基于流程的会计中（参考Hallay和Pfriem，1992年，Fischer 和Blasius，1995年，德国环境部，1996年，Heller等人。1995 ，Letmathe，1998年，Spengler和H.hre，1998年）。
Since its inception some 30 years ago, Environmental Cost Accounting (ECA) has reached a stage of development where individual ECA systems are separated from the core accounting system based an assessment of environmental costs with (see Fichter et al., 1997, Letmathe and Wagner , 2002).
As environmental costs are commonly assessed as overhead costs, neither the older concepts of full costs accounting nor the relatively recent one of direct costing appear to represent an appropriate basis for the implementation of ECA. Similar to developments in conventional accounting, the theoretical and conceptual sphere of ECA has focused on process-based accounting since the 1990s (see Hallay and Pfriem, 1992, Fischer and Blasius, 1995, BMU/UBA, 1996, Heller et al., 1995, Letmathe, 1998, Spengler and H.hre, 1998).
自从成立三十年以来，环境成本会计已经发展到一定阶段，环境会计成本体系已经从以环境成本评估为基础的会计制度核心中分离出来（参考Fichter et al., 1997, Letmathe 和 Wagner , 2002）。
由于环境成本经常被评估为一般管理费用，传统观念的完全成本会计或者直接成本都没有为环境成本会计的实施描述一个适当的基础。与传统会计发展类似，自从20世纪90年代以来，环境会计在概念和理论领域的重点放在了基于流程的会计中（参考Hallay和Pfriem，1992年，Fischer 和Blasius，1995年，德国环境部，1996年，Heller等人。1995 ，Letmathe，1998年，Spengler和H.hre，1998年）。
