外文翻译——全球价值链下产业升级.pdf

Upgrading in Global Value Chains
The aim of this paper is to explore how small- and medium-sized Latin American
enterprises ( S MEs) may participate in global markets in a way that provides for
sustainable growth. This may be defined as the ‘‘ highroad ’’ to competitiveness,
contrasting with the ‘‘ low road, ’’ typical of firms from developing c o untries, which
often compete by squeezing wages and profit margins rather than by improving
productivity, wages, and profits. The key difference between the high and the low
road to competitiveness is often explained by the different capabilities of firms to
‘‘ upgrade . ’ In this paper, upgrading refers to the capacity of a firm to innovate to
increase the value added of its products and processes ( Humphrey & Schmitz, 2002a;
Kaplinsky&Readman, 2001; Porter, 1990 ).



企业的生产经营活动，本质上是价值创造的动态过程。每个企业都是在设 计 、
生产、销售、发送和辅助其产品的过程中进行种种活动的一个集合体，而所有 这
些活动可以用一个价值链 (value chain) 来表明 。
随着国际外包业务日益增多，全球价值链 (global value chain ， GVC) 的概
念应运而生。全球价值链是指全球性跨企业网络组织在原料采集和运输、产品 的
生产和分销、直至最终消费和回收处理的过程中进行的价值创造活动。杰瑞菲
Gary Gereffi) 通过研究不同环节之间相互联系的分布在世界各国的生产体系
后发现，全球价值链往往由一个或几个领导者支配、协调；领导者通常占据价 值
链的战略环节，他决定着价值链的基本特征。