信息系统开发和数据库开发----外文文献翻译.doc

In many organizations, database development from the beginning of enterprise data modeling, data modeling enterprises determine the scope of the database and the general content. This step usually occurs in an organization's information system planning process, it aims to help organizations create an overall data description or explanation, and not the design of a specific database. A specific database for one or more information systems provide data and the corporate data model (which may involve a number of databases) described by the organization maintaining the scope of the data. Data modeling in the enterprise, you review of the current system, the need to support analysis of the nature of the business areas, the need for further description of the abstract data, and planning one or more database development project. Figure 1 shows Pine Valley furniture company's enterprise data model of a part.
1.1 Information System Architecture
As shown in figure 1, senior data model is only general information system architecture (ISA) or a part of an organization's information system blueprint. In the information system planning, you can build an enterprise data model as a whole information system architecture part. According to Zachman (1987), Sowa and Zachman (1992) views of an information system architecture consists of the following six key components:
Data (Figure 1 shows, but there are other methods that).
Manipulation of data processing (of a data flow diagram can be used, with the object model methods, or other symbols that).
Networks, which organizations and in organizations with its main transmission of data between business partners (it can connect through the network topology map and to demonstrate).
People who deal with the implementation of data and information and is the source and receiver (in the process model for the data shows that the sender and the receiver).
Implementation of the events and time points (they can use state transition diagram and other means.)
The reasons for the incident and data processing rules (often in the form of text display, but there are also a number of charts for the planning tools such as decision tables).

在许多组织中，数据库开发是从企业数据建模开始的，企业数据建模确定了组织数据库的范围和一般内容。这一步骤通常发生在一个组织进行信息系统规划的过程中，它的目的是为组织数据创建一个整体的描述或解释，而不是设计一个特定的数据库。一个特定的数据库为一个或多个信息系统提供数据，而企业数据模型（可能包含许多数据库）描述了由组织维护的数据的范围。在企业数据建模时，你审查当前的系统，分析需要支持的业务领域的本质，描述需要进一步抽象的数据，并且规划一个或多个数据库开发项目。图1显示松谷家具公司的企业数据模型的一个部分。
1.1 信息系统体系结构
如图1所示，高级的数据模型仅仅是总体信息系统体系结构(ISA)一个部分或一个组织信息系统的蓝图。在信息系统规划期间，你可以建立一个企业数据模型作为整个信息系统体系结构的一部分。根据Zachman(1987)、Sowa和Zachman（1992）的观点，一个信息系统体系结构由以下6个关键部分组成:
数据（如图1所示，但是也有其他的表示方法）。
操纵数据的处理（着系可以用数据流图、带方法的对象模型或者其他符号表示）。
网络，它在组织内并在组织与它的主要业务伙伴之间传输数据（它可以通过网络连接和拓扑图来显示）。
人，人执行处理并且是数据和信息的来源和接收者（人在过程模型中显示为数据的发送者和接收者）。
执行过程的事件和时间点（它们可以用状态转换图和其他的方式来显示）。
事件的原因和数据处理的规则（经常以文本形式显示，但是也存在一些用于规划的图表工具，如决策表）。