约束理论和组合复杂的产品组合决策--------外文翻译.doc
约32页DOC格式手机打开展开
约束理论和组合复杂的产品组合决策--------外文翻译,alexandre linharesbrazilian school of business and public administration, fgv, praia de botafogo 190/509, rio de janeiro 22257-970, brazilabstractthe theory of ...
内容介绍
此文档由会员 wanli1988go 发布
Alexandre Linhares
Brazilian School of Business and Public Administration, FGV, Praia de Botafogo 190/509, Rio de Janeiro 22257-970, Brazil
abstract
The theory of constraints (TOC) proposes that, when production is bounded by a single bottleneck, the best product mix heuristic is to select products based on their ratio of throughput per constraint use. This, however, is not true for cases when production is limited to integer quantities of final products. Four facts that go against current thought in the TOC literature are demonstrated in this paper. For example, there are cases in which the optimum product mix includes products with the lowest product margin and the lowest ratio of throughput per constraint time,simultaneously violating the margin heuristic and the TOC-derived heuristic. Such failures are due to the non-polynomial completeness (NP-completeness) of the product-mix decision problem, also demonstrated here.
2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The theory of constraints (TOC) is a remarkably successful operations philosophy, centered on the idea of focusing managerial attention to the local constraints that inhibit the global performance of an entire system
(Goldratt and Cox, 1984; Goldratt and Fox, 1986; Goldratt,1990a, b). Over the last two decades it has gathered much momentum, with the creation of organizations such as the Goldratt Institute and the TOC Center in Dayton, Ohio. It has also spawned a host of products, such as the OPT (foropti— mization) software and an innovative bestselling management novel. Blackstone (2001) reviews some of its core ideas and fields of application.
The focus of our study will be on the problem of selecting the optimum product mix under the TOC, which is deemed as an improvement over traditional practices(Gupta et al., 2002; Kee and Schmidt, 2000; Wahlers and Cox, 1994). Consider a facility with a set of products to build, but without the capacity (i.e., a fixed time horizon) required to meet the demand for all of them. Let us suppose that this facility must deal with integer quantities of final products. In this case a product-mix decision must be made, with the obvious tradeoff of prioritizing some product lines at the expense of others. A traditional method for selection of the product mix is given by selecting the products having highest individual product margins with higher priority, regardless of the time spent on the bottleneck(s) (BN(s); Goldratt 1990a, b;Goldratt and Cox, 1984; Blackstone, 2001; Lea and Fredendall, 2002; Patterson, 1992). Let us name this method as the margin heuristic. The TOC, however,proposes that product lines should be selected according to their ratio of throughput per time spent on the system constraint(s). Let us refer to this approach as the TOC-derived heuristic. The heuristic has been formally stated in numerous TOC publications (Goldratt, 1990a, b; Goldratt
and Cox, 1984; Blackstone, 2001; Lea and Fredendall,2002; Patterson, 1992). Fredendall and Lea (1997) suggest,after Goldratt and Cox (1984), the following product-mixheuristic.
摘要
约束理论（TOC）建议，当生产被一个瓶颈限制时，最好的产品组合启发式是在每约束使用的吞吐量的比例之上选择产品。然而，当生产仅限于对最终产品的整数数量是这些例子都不是真的。针对当前思想的四个事实在TOC本文证明。例如，有例其中最佳的产品组合包括与最低的产品利润率和产品吞吐量每约束时间的比率是最低的，同时违反保证金启发式算法和目录派生启发式的。这种故障是由于非多项式完整性（NP完全性）的产品组合决策问题，也要在这里证明。
2009爱思唯尔B.V.所有权利保留
1、介绍
约束理论（TOC）是一个显着成功经营理念，围绕的想法集中管理注意本地约束抑制全球整个系统性能（高德拉特和Cox，1984;高德拉特和福克斯，1986;高德拉特1990a，b）条。在过去的二十年中，随着组织高德拉特研究所和在俄亥俄州代顿的TOC中心的创立，它已经聚集了许多势头。它也催生 了巴勒斯坦被占领土，如主机产品（用于优化）软件和创新的畅销书管理小说。黑石集团（2001）回顾一些其核心理念和应用领域。
我们的研究重点将是对问题选择最佳的产品组合，根据被视为比传统做法有所提高的TOC方法（Gupta等人，2002年;记和Schmidt，2000; Wahlers和考克斯，1994年）。考虑到有一系列产品的设施建立，但没有能力（即一个固定的时间跨度）以满足他们的需求。让我们假设该设施必须处理整数数量最终产品。在这种情况下，产品结构决定，优先考虑一些明显的权衡在牺牲别人的产品线。传统的选择产品组合的方法给出选择有个别产品最高的产品优先级较高的利润率，不顾瓶颈的时间耗费（BN（S）;高德拉特1990a，B;高德拉特和Cox，1984;黑石集团，2001年; Lea和弗雷登道尔，2002年，帕特森，1992年）。让我们把这个方法叫做保证金启发式。 然而TOC建议该产品线的选择要根据每系统约束的时间花费的吞吐量的比例。让我们看看作为这种方法的TOC派生启发式。启发式已正式表示在众多的TOC出版物（高德拉特，1990a，B;高德拉特和Cox，1984年，黑石集团，2001年; Lea和弗雷登道尔，2002年，1992年，帕特森）。弗雷登道尔和Lea（1997）建议，后高德拉特和Cox（1984），以下产品组合启发式。
Brazilian School of Business and Public Administration, FGV, Praia de Botafogo 190/509, Rio de Janeiro 22257-970, Brazil
abstract
The theory of constraints (TOC) proposes that, when production is bounded by a single bottleneck, the best product mix heuristic is to select products based on their ratio of throughput per constraint use. This, however, is not true for cases when production is limited to integer quantities of final products. Four facts that go against current thought in the TOC literature are demonstrated in this paper. For example, there are cases in which the optimum product mix includes products with the lowest product margin and the lowest ratio of throughput per constraint time,simultaneously violating the margin heuristic and the TOC-derived heuristic. Such failures are due to the non-polynomial completeness (NP-completeness) of the product-mix decision problem, also demonstrated here.
2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The theory of constraints (TOC) is a remarkably successful operations philosophy, centered on the idea of focusing managerial attention to the local constraints that inhibit the global performance of an entire system
(Goldratt and Cox, 1984; Goldratt and Fox, 1986; Goldratt,1990a, b). Over the last two decades it has gathered much momentum, with the creation of organizations such as the Goldratt Institute and the TOC Center in Dayton, Ohio. It has also spawned a host of products, such as the OPT (foropti— mization) software and an innovative bestselling management novel. Blackstone (2001) reviews some of its core ideas and fields of application.
The focus of our study will be on the problem of selecting the optimum product mix under the TOC, which is deemed as an improvement over traditional practices(Gupta et al., 2002; Kee and Schmidt, 2000; Wahlers and Cox, 1994). Consider a facility with a set of products to build, but without the capacity (i.e., a fixed time horizon) required to meet the demand for all of them. Let us suppose that this facility must deal with integer quantities of final products. In this case a product-mix decision must be made, with the obvious tradeoff of prioritizing some product lines at the expense of others. A traditional method for selection of the product mix is given by selecting the products having highest individual product margins with higher priority, regardless of the time spent on the bottleneck(s) (BN(s); Goldratt 1990a, b;Goldratt and Cox, 1984; Blackstone, 2001; Lea and Fredendall, 2002; Patterson, 1992). Let us name this method as the margin heuristic. The TOC, however,proposes that product lines should be selected according to their ratio of throughput per time spent on the system constraint(s). Let us refer to this approach as the TOC-derived heuristic. The heuristic has been formally stated in numerous TOC publications (Goldratt, 1990a, b; Goldratt
and Cox, 1984; Blackstone, 2001; Lea and Fredendall,2002; Patterson, 1992). Fredendall and Lea (1997) suggest,after Goldratt and Cox (1984), the following product-mixheuristic.
摘要
约束理论（TOC）建议，当生产被一个瓶颈限制时，最好的产品组合启发式是在每约束使用的吞吐量的比例之上选择产品。然而，当生产仅限于对最终产品的整数数量是这些例子都不是真的。针对当前思想的四个事实在TOC本文证明。例如，有例其中最佳的产品组合包括与最低的产品利润率和产品吞吐量每约束时间的比率是最低的，同时违反保证金启发式算法和目录派生启发式的。这种故障是由于非多项式完整性（NP完全性）的产品组合决策问题，也要在这里证明。
2009爱思唯尔B.V.所有权利保留
1、介绍
约束理论（TOC）是一个显着成功经营理念，围绕的想法集中管理注意本地约束抑制全球整个系统性能（高德拉特和Cox，1984;高德拉特和福克斯，1986;高德拉特1990a，b）条。在过去的二十年中，随着组织高德拉特研究所和在俄亥俄州代顿的TOC中心的创立，它已经聚集了许多势头。它也催生 了巴勒斯坦被占领土，如主机产品（用于优化）软件和创新的畅销书管理小说。黑石集团（2001）回顾一些其核心理念和应用领域。
我们的研究重点将是对问题选择最佳的产品组合，根据被视为比传统做法有所提高的TOC方法（Gupta等人，2002年;记和Schmidt，2000; Wahlers和考克斯，1994年）。考虑到有一系列产品的设施建立，但没有能力（即一个固定的时间跨度）以满足他们的需求。让我们假设该设施必须处理整数数量最终产品。在这种情况下，产品结构决定，优先考虑一些明显的权衡在牺牲别人的产品线。传统的选择产品组合的方法给出选择有个别产品最高的产品优先级较高的利润率，不顾瓶颈的时间耗费（BN（S）;高德拉特1990a，B;高德拉特和Cox，1984;黑石集团，2001年; Lea和弗雷登道尔，2002年，帕特森，1992年）。让我们把这个方法叫做保证金启发式。 然而TOC建议该产品线的选择要根据每系统约束的时间花费的吞吐量的比例。让我们看看作为这种方法的TOC派生启发式。启发式已正式表示在众多的TOC出版物（高德拉特，1990a，B;高德拉特和Cox，1984年，黑石集团，2001年; Lea和弗雷登道尔，2002年，1992年，帕特森）。弗雷登道尔和Lea（1997）建议，后高德拉特和Cox（1984），以下产品组合启发式。
