基于电子节气门的汽车怠速控制系统的设计.doc

摘　　要
面对日趋严重的资源短缺与环境恶化问题，寻求社会、经济与资源、环境相互促进与协调发展的可持续发展模式正在成为世界性的潮流。汽车作为主要交通工具和国民经济建设的重要支柱产业得到了快速的发展。但是，与此同时汽车也带来了能源消耗、环境污染等诸多负面影响。目前，汽车节能与环保技术主要有两条路线：一是对传统汽车进行改进，已达到节能和环保的要求；二是新型动力与节能环保车辆的开发。而对传统车辆的改进就离不开怠速控制系统。
怠速控制是汽车发动机电子控制的一个重要内容。对怠速进行有效地控制对于提高汽车的燃油经济性，乘坐舒适性和节能减排有十分重大的意义。
在认真详细的分析了汽车怠速控制系统的基本原理，明确了输入输出信号以后，根据相应的情况，提出了一种闭环控制怠速系统的设计方案，由车速传感器信号、节气门位置传感器信号作为怠速工况判断的基准，采用PID控制算法控制汽车在怠速出现偏差时将车速稳定，用闭环系统能相对准确的控制汽车怠速稳定。经过理论的论证与计算以后，本文又选取了当今汽车行业所使用的传感器及其他相关器件，组成了使用的硬件电路模块，根据功能的要求绘制了各模块完整的流程图和相关程序，做出了比较完整的设计。并在随后进行了模拟仿真，得出了相应的仿真的结果，基本达到了设计要求，所采用的控制策略是可行的，能较好的完成设计的目的和要求。

Abstract
Facing the serious shortage of resources and the environment worsening problem, seek for the social, economic and resources, environment to promote each other and the coordinated development of sustainable development model is becoming the world trend. Cars as the main transportation and national economic construction of the important pillar industry obtained fast development. But at the same time the car also brought the energy consumption and environmental pollution, and many other negative effects. At present, the car energy conservation and environmental protection technology there are two major route: one is to improve the traditional, has reached the requirements of saving energy and environment protection; 2 it is new motive power and energy conservation and environmental protection vehicle development. And to the improvement of the traditional vehicle cannot leave the idle speed control system.
Idle speed control type car engine electronic control of important content. To idle speed control effectively to improve fuel economy of the car, ride comfort and energy conservation and emission reduction have is of great significance.
In a detailed analysis of the car was seriously idle speed control system of basic principle, clear the input and output signals later, according to the corresponding situation, proposed a closed loop control deactivation system, the design of speed sensor signal by, throttle position sensor signal as idling process of judgment benchmark, PID control algorithm in idle speed control car deviation will speed stability, using closed loop system can relatively accurate control of the car idling stability. And in subsequent simulation, derives the corresponding simulation results, basic meets design requirements, the control strategy is feasible, can good completion of design purpose and requirements.
 

目　　录

摘　　要 1
Abstract 2
引　　言 1
1 绪论 2
1.1 发动机怠速概述 2
1.2 研究怠速控制的意义 2
1.3 发动机怠速控制的现状和发展趋势 3
1.3.1 汽车电子控制技术的发展和应用 3
1.3.2 怠速控制实际生产应用情况 4
1.4 汽车怠速控制系统的优点 5
1.5 汽车怠速控制系统的分类 5
1.6 怠速控制的基本要求 7
1.7 本文的主要工作 8
2 汽车怠速控制系统的组成及工作原理 9
2.1 怠速控制系统的工作原理 9
2.2 汽车怠速系统控制方式选择 10
3 怠速控制系统硬件电路设计 14
3.1 单片机的选型 14
3.2 怠速控制系统的外围电路 16
3.3 怠速控制系统的传感器 18
3.3.1 车速传感器和转速传感器 18
3.3.2 转速传感器 20
3.3.3 节气门位置传感器 21
3.3.4 冷却水温度传感器 22
3.3.5 A/D转换芯片 23
3.4 执行机构部分 26
3.4.1 驱动电路 26
3.5 怠速过程中产生的干扰及处理方法 28
4 软件设计 30
4.1 总体部分设计 30
4.2 车速检测模块 31
4.3 节气门开度检测模块 32
4.4 冷却水温度信号模块 35
4.5 发动机转速信号模块 35
4.6 PWM模块 35
4.7 PID控制模块 39
结　　论 42
参 考 文 献 43
附录A  45
致　　谢 46