基于单片机的高温测量仪设计.docx

基于单片机的高温测量仪设计
Design of high temperature measuring
instrument base onMCU

摘要
人类社会已进入信息时代，人们的社会活动主要依靠对信息资源的开发及获取、传输与处理。在工业生产这个领域内，广泛的应用检测技术，如生产过程中产品质量的检测、产品质量的控制、提高生产的经济效益、节能和生产过程的自动化等等。这些都要测量生产过程中的有关参数和（或）进行反馈控制，以保证生产过程中的这些参数在最佳最优状态。在科学研究领域，人们通过观察、实验，从而找出新的规律，再上升为理论。因而能否通过观察实验得到结果，而且是可靠的结果，决定于检测技术的水平，所以，从这个意义上讲科学的发展、突破是以检测技术的水平为基础的。现代人们的日常生活中，也愈来愈离不开检测技术。因此，检测技术装备的水平在很大程度上反映出一个国家的生产力的发展和科学技术的现代化水平。
热电偶在计量技术上是用得最多的温度传感器之一。它在测量学与各种生产技术上的应用十分广泛。热电偶的结构很简单，制造也容易，价格美廉，有着很高的准确度，测量的温度范围广泛。现在大部分热工仪表，都将热电偶作为温度传感器。
本篇文章主要介绍在高温测量上，用MCS-51单片机系统与传统的温度测量元件热电偶结合做成的温度检测系统。此设计的测量原理简单，数学模型通俗,选用的是精密度好的元器件和有抗干扰、低温漂等精密度高的电子元器件。此测量仪器，有着使用方便、能稳定测量、可靠、测量的温度范围广等特点。

关键词温度检测热电偶温度补偿单片机

Abstract
The human society has entered the age of information, the people's social activities relies mainly on the information resources development and access, transmission and processing. In the industrial production within this field, wide application of testing technology, such as production process of product quality inspection, product quality control, improve the production efficiency, energy saving and economic production process automation and so on. The measuring the parameters in the process of production and (or) feedback control to ensure production process of these parameters in the best optimal state. In scientific research fields, people through the observation, the experiment, as to find out the new rules, rise again for the theory. So if I can pass the watching the experiment results, and is reliable results, depending on the level of testing technology, so, in this sense the development of science, is the level of testing technology breakthrough for the foundation. The modern People's Daily life, also more and more without testing technology. Therefore, detection technology and equipment level in the largely reflects a country's development of productive forces and the modernization level of science and technology.
In measuring technology is on thermocouple most used one of the temperature sensor. It in surveying and various production technology used widely. The structure of the thermocouple is very simple, and easy to make, the price beauty, with high accuracy, measurement of the temperature range. Now in most of the thermal instruments, thermocouple are used as a temperature sensor.
This article mainly introduced is high temperature measurement in, with MCS-51 SCM system and the traditional general temperature measurement components made of thermocouple temperature detection system combined. The design principle of measurement of the simple, mathematical model popular, chooses is precision good components and have anti-jamming, low temperature, high precision of the drift of electronic components. The measuring instrument, has a convenient use, can stabilize a measurement, reliable, measurement of the temperature range, etc.

Key word   Temperature detection thermocouple
temperaturecompensation microcontroller

目录
第1章绪论 1
1.1 高温测量仪的应用及意义 1
1.2 国内测温的发展研究概况 1
1.2.1利用物体热胀冷缩原理制成的温度计 1
1.2.2利用热阻效应技术制成的温度计 2
1.2.3利用热辐射原理制成的高温计 2
1.2.4利用声学原理进行温度测量 2
1.2.5利用红外测技术温 2
1.2.6利用热电效应技术制成的温度检测元件 2
第2章高温测量仪的组成及硬件设计 3
2.1 系统总体设计 3
2.2 测温传感器的确定 3
2.2.1常用热电偶介绍 4
2.2.2 热电势的产生 5
2.2.3  热电偶闭合回路电势的计算 6
2.3温度补偿设计 6
2.4放大电路设计 8
2.5  A／D转换器的选择 12
2.6 单片机简介 14
2.7  LCD1602显示模块 15
第3章控制器的软件设计 17
3.1系统软件总体设计 17
3.2  A/D转换子程序设计 18
3.3 线性化标度变换程序设计 19
3.4  DS18B20程序设计 21
3.5  LCD1602程序设计 23
第4章调试与误差分析 25
4.1 软件调试 25
4.1.1 PROTEUS简介 25
4.1.2 软件调试过程及结果 25
4.1.3 硬件调试过程及结果 26
4.2 误差分析 26
4.2.1 软件误差 27
4.2.2 硬件误差 27
第5章总结与展望 29
5.1 总结 29
5.2 展望 29
致谢 31