经济型数控机床纵向进给传动机构设计.pdf

学 士 学 位 毕 业 论 文?设 计?
经济型数控车床控制系统设计
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专 业 械设计制造及其自动化

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学 部 机电工程学部

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经济型数控车床控制系统设计
摘 要 数控车床又称数字控制?Numbercal control?简称NC?机床。它是基于数字控
制的?采用了数控技术?是一个装有程序控制系统的机床。它是由主机?CNC?驱动
装置?数控机床的辅助装置?编程机及其他一些附属设备所组成。
此次设计包括机床的总体布局设计?纵向进给设计。控制系统部分包括步进电机
的选用及硬件电路设计和软件系统设计?说明了芯片的扩展?键盘显示接口的设计等
等。该控制系统采用软件中断控制系统结构及子程序结构?因为子程序结构简单、条
件明确在经济型数控系统中应用比较多。中断结构采用模块化结构设计?因为这种结
构便于修改和扩充?编制较为方便?便于向多处理机方向发展。
本文以普通数控机床为研究对象?介绍经济型数控机床主-从式控制系统的设计
过程。本设计采用 PC 机为上位机?8051为核心的单片机系统作下位机?以打印口
作为两者间的通讯接口?构成主—从式控制系统。该类型机床可以利用微型计算机丰
富的软硬件资源?可以编制出具有友好的人机界面的系统控制软件?可以利用单片机
系统结构相对简单、工作可靠、价格便宜的特点?并借助C语言、汇编语言等编制出
执行机构的位置控制软?可以使原数控机床的扩充性及开放性更强?使数控编程更加
方便、高效?也为将来数控机床的网络控制打下基础。本文着重阐述数控机床及及主
-从式系统的概述?上位机与下位机间通讯接口及通讯模式的选择?下位机硬件设计?
步进电动机控制程序。
关键词?数控机床?开放式数控系统?电动机


II Control System Design of Econmical NC Lathe Abstract The numerical control lathe called the numerical control (Numbercal Control, is called
NC) the engine bed. It is based on the numerical control, has used the numerical control
technology, is loaded with the procedure control system the engine bed. It is by the main
engine, CNC, the drive, the numerical control engine bed auxiliary unit, the programming
machine and other some appurtenances is composed.
This design including the engine bed overall layout design, longitudinal enters for the
design, also includes the gear modulus computation and the examination, the main axle
rigidity examination and so on. The control system partially including step-by-steps the
electrical machinery to select and the hardware circuit design and the software system
design, explained the chip expansion, keyboard demonstration connection design and so
on.
This article takes the ordinary numerical control machine tool as the research object, and
introduces the design process of a master-slave system. In order to use the abundant
software and hardware resources of IPC and to compile software of system which is
friendly to users, and in order to compile the control software of execution machinery by C
and Assembly language at the same time, this CNC system adopts the master-slave
structure and parallel communication method. The master computer sends control
instructions and parameters to the slave computer under Windows98, for the sake of
making the slave computer work well. This system enhances the expanse and open ability
of the original CNC machine tools, makes the NC programming become easy and efficient,
and It also set a foundation for the numerical control machine tool in the field of the
network control. There are three principal parts in the full text: the summary of CNC and
the master-slave system; the communication port and mode between the master and slave
computer; the control procedure of the step motor.
Keywords?Numerical control; Machine tool; Open-loop?Step motor
目 录 摘 要 ............................................................. I
Abstract ............................................................ II
第1章 绪 论 ....................................................... 1
1.1 两坐标经济型数控机床的课题研究意义 .............................. 1
1.2 两坐标经济型数控机床的课题研究主要内容 .......................... 1
第2章经济型数控机床机械结构 ......................................... 1
2.1 进给系统组成 .................................................... 1
2.2 齿形带传动设计 .................................................. 3
2.2.1 带和带传动 .................................................... 3
2.2.2 齿形带的选择 ................................................... 4
2.3 步进电机的选择 ................................................. 5
2.3.1 步进电机概述 .................................................. 7
2.3.2 步进电机的选择 ................................................ 9
2.4 丝杠螺母设计 ................................................... 10
2.4.1 滚珠丝杠螺母副类型选择 ....................................... 11
2.4.2 滚珠丝杠螺母副型号..