降低加油站蒸发损耗方法研究.doc

降低加油站蒸发损耗方法研究

摘 要：加油站蒸发损耗是在加油站在收油操作或加油过程中，由于密封不严实，大量的油蒸汽排放到大气中，而造成的油品损耗。而降低加油站的蒸发损耗是近年来油气.储运专业人员在降低油品损耗方面的一个新的研究领域。本文通过对油品损耗的原因及加油站油气挥发的特点的分析，提出了降低加油站蒸发损耗的几种方法。论文主要内容如下：
首先，分析了油品引起蒸发损耗的原因及类型，针对加油站油气挥发的特点和发生挥发的重点部位，提出了通过收集蒸发的油品蒸汽来降低加油站的蒸发损耗。并提出了针对加油站油气挥发重点部位的油气收集系统。
其次，针对收集油气的处理，提出了油气回收的方法。具体介绍几种油气回收的方法及简单的工艺流程，并针对加油站适用情况，对几种回收方法进行综合比较。另外还介绍了油气回收在国内外的应用情况和今后油气回收技术的发展趋势。
最后，利用冷凝回收法设计了一套试验设备，并进行了实验。通过实验得到的数据进行分析，提出了冷凝法在油气回收中的规律。

关键词：加油站；蒸发；损耗；油气回收
 
 
Reduces The Gas Station Evaporation Loss Method Research

Abstract :The gas station Evaporation loss is in receives the oil operation in the gas station or refuels in the process, because the seal is not solid, the massive oil steam discharges in the atmosphere, but creates losses of petroleum products. In recent years, reduced the gas station Evaporation loss is a new research area for oil gas storage and transport specialist in reducing the losses of petroleum products aspect. This article through to the losses of petroleum products reason and the gas station oil gas volatility characteristic analysis, proposed several methods about reduces evaporation loss of gas station. The paper primary coverage is as follows:
Firstly, analyzed the oil evaporation loss reason and the type, and had the volatility key spot in view of the gas station oil gas volatility characteristic, proposed through the collection oil steam to reduce the gas station evaporation loss .And proposed some oil&gas collection systems in view of the gas station oil volatility key spot.
Secondly, in view of collection oil gas processing, proposed several methods about oil&gas recovery. Introduced specifically several kind of oil&gas recovery method and the simple technical process, and aim at the gas station suitable situation, carries on the synthesis comparison to several recycling methods. Moreover also introduced technology of gas recovery from the gas station and its application progress at home and abroad.
Finally, has designed a set of test equipment using the condensation method, and has carried on the experiment. The data obtains which from the experiment was analyzed ,proposed a rule in the oil gas recycling from the condensation method.

Key words: Gas station;   evaporation;   loss;    oil&gas recovery 
　　　　　     目　录
摘要 1
Abstract 2
目　录 3
第一章  绪论 5
第二章　加油站的蒸发损耗 7
2.1　引起蒸发损耗的原因 7
2.1.1　油罐的大小呼吸 7
2.1.2　温度 8
2.1.3　油罐内气体空间。 8
2.1.4　油罐的密封程度 8
2.2　油品蒸发损耗的类型 8
2.2.1　按照造成的损耗的原因来划分 8
2.2.2　按作业性质分类 9
2.3　加油站油气挥发的特点 9
2.4　加油站控制油气排放的相关标准 10
第三章　降低加油站的蒸发损耗 12
3.1  降低加油站蒸发损耗的意义 12
3.1.1 　有利于人类健康 12
3.1.2 　保护环境 12
3.1.3 　节能 12
3.2  加油站控制油气的主要方法 13
3.3　油罐车卸油密闭油气回收系统 13
3.4　加油站卸油加油油气收集系统 14
3.5  加油油气收集系统设备的简介 15
3.5.1 真空泵 15
3.5.2 油气回收系统监控器 16
3.5.3 油气回收专用油枪 16
3.5.4其它油气收集专用件 16
3.6 　加油站油气收集和回收的重点部位 17
第四章　加油站的油气回收 18
4.1  油气回收的概念 18
4.2  油气回收的方法 18
4.2.1　吸附法 19
4.2.2　吸收法 20
4.2.3  冷凝法 21
4.2.4  膜分离法 22
4.3　油气回收技术（装置）综合比较 22
4.4　 油气回收应用现状和发展趋势 24
4.4.1　世界发达国家地区的情况和我国现状 24
4.3.2　油气回收技术发展方向 24
第五章　实验 26
5.1  实验目的和原理 26
5.1.1　实验目的 26
5.1.2　实验原理 26
5.2  实验器材 26
5.3  实验设计 26
5.4  实验的前期准备工作 27
5.4.1　冷凝装置的设计 27
5.4.2　冷却液的配制 27
5.4.3　蒸发油品的选取 28
5.5  实验方案的确定 28
5.6  实验步骤 28
5.7  实验结果和实验数据分析 28
5.8  实验结论 33
第六章　 小结 34
参考文献 35
致谢 36