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the tragedy in the return of the native:,the tragedy in the return of the native:a darwinist perspective本文共32页8175字abstract：the return of the native is one of hardy’s representative works. as the first...
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The Tragedy in The Return of the Native:A Darwinist Perspective
本文共32页 8175字
Abstract：The Return of the Native is one of Hardy’s representative works. As the first great tragic novel of Thomas Hardy in order of publication, The Return of the Native，is a tragedy of character and environment. This essay attempts to analyse the tragedy in The Return of the Native in view of Darwinism. The central task of this essay is to prove that the conflicts between character and environment (natural and social environment included) lead to the tragedy. The thesis is composed of four parts: two chapters and an introduction as a beginning and a conclusion as a summarization. The introduction is a survey of Hardy’s life and work, current studies on Hardy’s tragic novels at home and abroad. This part also states the aim of the thesis, i.e., to make a detailed probe into the tragedy of various kinds in the novel from the aspect of the conflicts between human and environment by applying Darwinism as a theoretical basis. The first chapter, which lays a theoretical foundation for the second chapter, is about Darwinism and its influence on Hardy. Chapter 2 is to analyse the tragedy from the perspective of conflicts between the protagonists and environment. The thesis concludes that the novel is a tragedy of character and environment, as man is under the control of law of nature and environment：only the adaptive will survive; the ill-fitting will be exterminated. This may serve as a bitter lesson for the modern society where competition is getting more and more intensive as well.
Key words: Thomas Hardy;，The Return of the Native，tragedy，Darwinism
内容提要:《还乡》是托马斯•哈代的代表作之一。按小说出版的时间先后而论，《还乡》是哈代的第一部杰出的悲剧。这是一部人物与环境之间的悲剧。本论文拟应用达尔文主义为理论依据探究《还乡》中的悲剧。本文的核心任务即论证人物与环境（包括自然环境与社会环境）的冲突导致悲剧的发生。论文分为四个部分：引言部分﹑第一章﹑第二章和结论部分。引言部分介绍哈代的生平﹑主要作品﹑国内外哈代悲剧小说研究简述，并说明本论文的宗旨，即以小说中人与环境的冲突为突破口，运用达尔文主义来具体探讨《还乡》中各种人物的悲剧。其中第一章为第二章作理论铺垫：探讨达尔文主义的自然选择和社会选择的理论以及达尔文主义对哈代创作的影响。第二章从人物与环境的冲突着眼，根据达尔文主义的理论（哈代的创作曾深受该理论的影响）来具体分析悲剧产生的原因。文章最后得出结论：《还乡》的悲剧是一部人与环境的悲剧，是在优胜劣汰的自然法则支配下必然产生的悲剧；它对竞争激烈的现代社会仍有着十分重要的借鉴意义。
关键词：托马斯•哈代;《还乡》; 悲剧; 达尔文主义
Bibliography
Cox, R. G. (ed.). Thomas Hardy: The Critical Heritage[C]. London: Rout ledge & Kegan Paul, 1970.
Dave, Jagdish Chandra. The Human Predicament in Hardy’s Novels[M]. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1985.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. The Concept of Natural Selection[DB/OL].
Hardy, Thomas. The Return of the Native[M]. New York: Glenceoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of the McGraw٠Hill Companies, 2002.
本文共32页 8175字
Abstract：The Return of the Native is one of Hardy’s representative works. As the first great tragic novel of Thomas Hardy in order of publication, The Return of the Native，is a tragedy of character and environment. This essay attempts to analyse the tragedy in The Return of the Native in view of Darwinism. The central task of this essay is to prove that the conflicts between character and environment (natural and social environment included) lead to the tragedy. The thesis is composed of four parts: two chapters and an introduction as a beginning and a conclusion as a summarization. The introduction is a survey of Hardy’s life and work, current studies on Hardy’s tragic novels at home and abroad. This part also states the aim of the thesis, i.e., to make a detailed probe into the tragedy of various kinds in the novel from the aspect of the conflicts between human and environment by applying Darwinism as a theoretical basis. The first chapter, which lays a theoretical foundation for the second chapter, is about Darwinism and its influence on Hardy. Chapter 2 is to analyse the tragedy from the perspective of conflicts between the protagonists and environment. The thesis concludes that the novel is a tragedy of character and environment, as man is under the control of law of nature and environment：only the adaptive will survive; the ill-fitting will be exterminated. This may serve as a bitter lesson for the modern society where competition is getting more and more intensive as well.
Key words: Thomas Hardy;，The Return of the Native，tragedy，Darwinism
内容提要:《还乡》是托马斯•哈代的代表作之一。按小说出版的时间先后而论，《还乡》是哈代的第一部杰出的悲剧。这是一部人物与环境之间的悲剧。本论文拟应用达尔文主义为理论依据探究《还乡》中的悲剧。本文的核心任务即论证人物与环境（包括自然环境与社会环境）的冲突导致悲剧的发生。论文分为四个部分：引言部分﹑第一章﹑第二章和结论部分。引言部分介绍哈代的生平﹑主要作品﹑国内外哈代悲剧小说研究简述，并说明本论文的宗旨，即以小说中人与环境的冲突为突破口，运用达尔文主义来具体探讨《还乡》中各种人物的悲剧。其中第一章为第二章作理论铺垫：探讨达尔文主义的自然选择和社会选择的理论以及达尔文主义对哈代创作的影响。第二章从人物与环境的冲突着眼，根据达尔文主义的理论（哈代的创作曾深受该理论的影响）来具体分析悲剧产生的原因。文章最后得出结论：《还乡》的悲剧是一部人与环境的悲剧，是在优胜劣汰的自然法则支配下必然产生的悲剧；它对竞争激烈的现代社会仍有着十分重要的借鉴意义。
关键词：托马斯•哈代;《还乡》; 悲剧; 达尔文主义
Bibliography
Cox, R. G. (ed.). Thomas Hardy: The Critical Heritage[C]. London: Rout ledge & Kegan Paul, 1970.
Dave, Jagdish Chandra. The Human Predicament in Hardy’s Novels[M]. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1985.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. The Concept of Natural Selection[DB/OL].
Hardy, Thomas. The Return of the Native[M]. New York: Glenceoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of the McGraw٠Hill Companies, 2002.
