800w微型光伏发电并网逆变器设计(毕业论文).doc
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800w微型光伏发电并网逆变器设计(毕业论文),共42页，字数总计：19352摘 要随着经济全球化的不断发展与深入，人类对能源的需求已经引发了能源危机和环境污染。可再生能源受到了各国的广泛重视。近年来，太阳能以其清洁、分布普遍和资源量大的优点，成为世界关注的焦点。光伏并网逆变器作为光伏并网发电的重要装置，其拓扑结构和控制算法的设计成为当下研究的重点。本论文在此背景下...
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共42页，字数总计：19352
摘 要
随着经济全球化的不断发展与深入，人类对能源的需求已经引发了能源危机和环境污染。可再生能源受到了各国的广泛重视。近年来，太阳能以其清洁、分布普遍和资源量大的优点，成为世界关注的焦点。光伏并网逆变器作为光伏并网发电的重要装置，其拓扑结构和控制算法的设计成为当下研究的重点。本论文在此背景下，对并网逆变器进行了深入的研究，在此基础上设计了基于TI公司生产的TMS320F240数字信号处理器（DSP）芯片的800W微型光伏发电并网逆变器。
本文首先分析了现有光伏并网逆变器的主回路拓扑结构，在此基础上采用无变压器绝缘的两级他拓扑结构，然后分析了前级Boost电路和后级的全桥逆变电路工作原理。其次，分析了太阳能电池的模型及输出特性，比较了一些常用的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制方法，确定了本论文采用扰动观测法来实现MPPT，并针对本文设计的两级拓扑结构的微型逆变器提出了最大功率点跟踪控制的实现过程。再次，阐述了孤岛效应产生的原因及危害，并对孤岛效应的一些检测方法进行了比较，采用了周期性扰动正反馈频率漂移(AFDPF)孤岛检测方法。
根据系统的整体控制方案，本文最后给出了光伏并网逆变器硬件设计，并在理论分析的基础上，分别对太阳能光伏电池、最大功率点跟踪控制进行了仿真，部分验证了本文所设计的光伏并网系统的可行性。
关键词：太阳能；光伏并网逆变器；最大功率点跟踪；孤岛检测
Abstract
With the development of economic globalization and industry，the human demand for energy has led to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Now renewable energy resources are researched by many countries. In the green renewable energy，because of its clean，distribution in general and large storage，solar energy has became a hotspot in the world. Photovoltaic inverter is an important device for photovoltaic power generation system, its topology and control algorithm have became a research hotpot in photovoltaic applications area. Under this background, grid-connected inverter is deeply researched in this paper. On this basis, the 800W micro-photovoltaic inverter based on TMS320F240 is designed.
Firstly, on the basis of in analyzing the existing photovoltaic inverter topology, a non-transformer insulation and two-level topology is proposed; in which the principles of Boost circuit and full-bridge circuit are described. Then it analyses the PV array model and its output characteristics, and compares some usually used maximum power point tracking(MPPT)methods. A perturbation and observation method was used in this system. The control strategy of MPPT in two stages structure inverter is given in this paper. Islanding effect should be well solved in grid-connected photovoltaic system. This paper presents the meanings and the criterion of the island effect, shows causations of islanding effect happened, analyses the active and passive detecting methods separately, an improved AFDPF which has a period current disturbance within the normal fluctuate of grid frequency is used in this system.
By deep analysis and research, the design of the hardware and software control flow graph of the whole system is introduced in detail. Using existing laboratory conditions were part of the debugging, and the result of the experiments validated the feasibility of the grid-connected photovoltaic system designed in this thesis.
Key Words: solar energy；grid-connected PV inverter；MPPT；islanding detection
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1绪论 1
1.1光伏发电的背景及意义 1
1.1.1世界能源状况 1
1.1.2 太阳能光伏发电的广阔前景及发展趋势 2
1.2 光伏发电系统 3
1.2.1光伏发电工作原理及分类 3
1.2.2光伏并网逆变器的关键技术 4
1.3本课题的主要研究内容 5
2 光伏并网逆变器的总体结构设计 7
2.1并网逆变器的分类与拓扑结构 7
2.1.1并网逆变器的分类 7
2.1.2逆变器的拓扑结构 7
2.1.3光伏并网逆变器的总体设计方案 9
2.2系统工作原理 10
2.2.1前级Boost电路工作原理 10
2.2.2后级单相全桥逆变器的工作原理 11
3并网逆变器关键技术 12
3.1光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪 12
3.1.1 光伏电池的原理 12
3.1.2 太阳能光伏电池的最大功率输出跟踪策略 12
3.1.3变步长扰动观察法的实现 13
3.2孤岛效应检测方法研究 15
3.2.1孤岛效应及其危害 15
3.2.2周期扰动AFDPF方法 16
4基于DSP的光伏并网逆变器硬件设计实现 19
4.1光伏并网逆变器的性能指标与技术参数 19
4.1.1性能指标 19
4.1.2技术参数 19
4.2主电路设计 20
4.2.1 Boost电路主要参数设计 20
4.2.2逆变电路主要参数设计 22
4.2.3驱动电路设计 24
4.2.4控制电路设计 25
5系统仿真与实验 27
5.1 MATLAB软件简介 27
5.2 仿真波形 27
5.2.1电流跟踪型逆变器仿真 27
5.2.2光伏电池的输出特性仿真 29
5.2.3带有最大功率点跟踪的DC-DC电路仿真 30
结 论 34
致 谢 35
参考文献 36
摘 要
随着经济全球化的不断发展与深入，人类对能源的需求已经引发了能源危机和环境污染。可再生能源受到了各国的广泛重视。近年来，太阳能以其清洁、分布普遍和资源量大的优点，成为世界关注的焦点。光伏并网逆变器作为光伏并网发电的重要装置，其拓扑结构和控制算法的设计成为当下研究的重点。本论文在此背景下，对并网逆变器进行了深入的研究，在此基础上设计了基于TI公司生产的TMS320F240数字信号处理器（DSP）芯片的800W微型光伏发电并网逆变器。
本文首先分析了现有光伏并网逆变器的主回路拓扑结构，在此基础上采用无变压器绝缘的两级他拓扑结构，然后分析了前级Boost电路和后级的全桥逆变电路工作原理。其次，分析了太阳能电池的模型及输出特性，比较了一些常用的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制方法，确定了本论文采用扰动观测法来实现MPPT，并针对本文设计的两级拓扑结构的微型逆变器提出了最大功率点跟踪控制的实现过程。再次，阐述了孤岛效应产生的原因及危害，并对孤岛效应的一些检测方法进行了比较，采用了周期性扰动正反馈频率漂移(AFDPF)孤岛检测方法。
根据系统的整体控制方案，本文最后给出了光伏并网逆变器硬件设计，并在理论分析的基础上，分别对太阳能光伏电池、最大功率点跟踪控制进行了仿真，部分验证了本文所设计的光伏并网系统的可行性。
关键词：太阳能；光伏并网逆变器；最大功率点跟踪；孤岛检测
Abstract
With the development of economic globalization and industry，the human demand for energy has led to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Now renewable energy resources are researched by many countries. In the green renewable energy，because of its clean，distribution in general and large storage，solar energy has became a hotspot in the world. Photovoltaic inverter is an important device for photovoltaic power generation system, its topology and control algorithm have became a research hotpot in photovoltaic applications area. Under this background, grid-connected inverter is deeply researched in this paper. On this basis, the 800W micro-photovoltaic inverter based on TMS320F240 is designed.
Firstly, on the basis of in analyzing the existing photovoltaic inverter topology, a non-transformer insulation and two-level topology is proposed; in which the principles of Boost circuit and full-bridge circuit are described. Then it analyses the PV array model and its output characteristics, and compares some usually used maximum power point tracking(MPPT)methods. A perturbation and observation method was used in this system. The control strategy of MPPT in two stages structure inverter is given in this paper. Islanding effect should be well solved in grid-connected photovoltaic system. This paper presents the meanings and the criterion of the island effect, shows causations of islanding effect happened, analyses the active and passive detecting methods separately, an improved AFDPF which has a period current disturbance within the normal fluctuate of grid frequency is used in this system.
By deep analysis and research, the design of the hardware and software control flow graph of the whole system is introduced in detail. Using existing laboratory conditions were part of the debugging, and the result of the experiments validated the feasibility of the grid-connected photovoltaic system designed in this thesis.
Key Words: solar energy；grid-connected PV inverter；MPPT；islanding detection
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1绪论 1
1.1光伏发电的背景及意义 1
1.1.1世界能源状况 1
1.1.2 太阳能光伏发电的广阔前景及发展趋势 2
1.2 光伏发电系统 3
1.2.1光伏发电工作原理及分类 3
1.2.2光伏并网逆变器的关键技术 4
1.3本课题的主要研究内容 5
2 光伏并网逆变器的总体结构设计 7
2.1并网逆变器的分类与拓扑结构 7
2.1.1并网逆变器的分类 7
2.1.2逆变器的拓扑结构 7
2.1.3光伏并网逆变器的总体设计方案 9
2.2系统工作原理 10
2.2.1前级Boost电路工作原理 10
2.2.2后级单相全桥逆变器的工作原理 11
3并网逆变器关键技术 12
3.1光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪 12
3.1.1 光伏电池的原理 12
3.1.2 太阳能光伏电池的最大功率输出跟踪策略 12
3.1.3变步长扰动观察法的实现 13
3.2孤岛效应检测方法研究 15
3.2.1孤岛效应及其危害 15
3.2.2周期扰动AFDPF方法 16
4基于DSP的光伏并网逆变器硬件设计实现 19
4.1光伏并网逆变器的性能指标与技术参数 19
4.1.1性能指标 19
4.1.2技术参数 19
4.2主电路设计 20
4.2.1 Boost电路主要参数设计 20
4.2.2逆变电路主要参数设计 22
4.2.3驱动电路设计 24
4.2.4控制电路设计 25
5系统仿真与实验 27
5.1 MATLAB软件简介 27
5.2 仿真波形 27
5.2.1电流跟踪型逆变器仿真 27
5.2.2光伏电池的输出特性仿真 29
5.2.3带有最大功率点跟踪的DC-DC电路仿真 30
结 论 34
致 谢 35
参考文献 36
