fpga在数字交换机中的应用.doc

FPGA在数字交换机中的应用


摘要
　　　当今社会数字集成电路得到广泛的应用。得益于数字集成电路的飞速发展，数字程控交换机在性能得到的极大提升的同时，成本却大幅下降，容量为几十门到几百门电话的中小型程控交换机得以普及。今年来酒店业和服务行业的迅速发展，又给数字程控交换机提供了一个广阔的市场空间。
　　　在整个数字程控交换系统中，按照通信流程完成语音数据的交换是实现各种扩展功能的前提和基础。目前很多数字程控交换机中采用的是专用交换芯片，这样做的好处是让研发的过程变得比较简单。缺点是交换机容量和功能也被限定，扩展性很差。由于企业的规模有大有小，数字程控交换机的研发企业更希望有一种灵活性好，便于扩展的系统平台，以满足各种规模的市场需求。
　　　本课题选择FPGA(Filed Programmable Gate Array)代替专用交换芯片完成语音数据的交换工作。本文着重介绍了控制板上FPGA的内部模块划分和模块的设计，主要包括数据收集模块、接口状态检测模块、FPGA和DSP(Digital Signal Processor)的接口、语音数据交换模块等等。详细介绍了FPGA如何与嵌入式应用程序以及DSP一起，按照通信流程完成语音数据的交换并实现各种扩展功能。
　　　
关键词 程控交换机；集成电路；FPGA；语音交换
FPGA in Digital Program-controlled Switches
Abstract
    Today's society Digital Integrated Circuits has been widely used. Thanks to the rapid development of Digital Integrated Circuits, Digital Program-controlled Switches, greatly enhance the performance, the cost of substantial decline in the capacity of small and medium-sized program-controlled switchboards dozens of doors to hundreds of telephone to popularize. This year the hotel industry and the rapid development of service industries, and gave the Digital Program-controlled Switches to provide a broad market space.
    Digital telephone switching system, in accordance with the communication process to complete the exchange of voice and data is the prerequisite and basis for various extensions. A lot of Digital Program-controlled Switches, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, the benefits of doing so is to make research and development process is relatively simple. The disadvantage is that the switch capacity and functionality is limited, scalability is poor. Enterprises vary greatly in size, R & D companies of the Digital Program-controlled Switches also hope that there is a flexibility, scalable platform to meet the market needs of all sizes.
    The topics chosen for the FPGA (Filed Programmable Gate Array) instead of Application Specific Integrated Circuits to complete the exchange of voice and data. This article focuses on the control board FPGA internal module division and module design, including data collection module, interface status detection module, FPGA and DSP (Digital Signal Processor) interface, voice and data exchange module. Described in detail and embedded applications, and DSP, FPGA how to complete the exchange of voice data, in accordance with the communication process and to achieve a variety of extensions.

Keywords  Program-controlled Switches; Integrated Circuits; FPGA;
           Voice switching
不要删除行尾的分节符，此行不会被打印
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2设计任务和内容 2
第2章 数字交换机原理 3
2.1 数字交换机 3
2.1.1 硬件组成 3
2.1.2 软件组成 4
2.1.3 主要分类 4
2.1.4 方案比较 5
2.2 PCW技术 8
2.3 FPGA技术 9
2.4 嵌入式技术 9
2.4.1 嵌入式系统的定义 9
2.4.2 嵌入式系统的特点 10
2.4.3 嵌入式系统的分类 10
2.5 SOC技术 11
2.6 ST-BUS数据帧格式定义 12
2.7 信令通信流程 14
2.8 本章小结 15
第3章 系统硬件设计 16
3.1 系统组成 16
3.2 接口板ASIC的设计 17
3.3 综合控制板FPGA的设计 19
3.4 NiosII软核处理器 20
3.4.1 Avalon交换结构总线 21
3.4.2 SDRAM控制器 23
3.4.3 数据收集模块 23
3.4.4 接口状态检测模块 24
3.4.5 与DSP的接口模块 24
3.4.6 语音数据交换模块 24
3.4.7 片内ROM 25
3.4.8 数据发送模块 25
3.5 系统功能实现 26
3.6 本章小结 27
第4章 FPGA的编译与仿真 28
4.1 编译 28
4.2 仿真 29
4.3 本章小结 31
结论 32
致谢 33
参考文献 34
附录A 36
附录B 46