外文翻译------城市意象.doc

The Image of the City
Structure and identity
An environmental image may be analyzed into three components: identity,structure,and meaning.It is useful to abstract these for analysis,if it is remembered that in reality first the identification of an object,which implies its distinction from other things,its recognition as a separable entity.This is called identity,not in the sense of equality with something else,but with the meaning of individuality or oneness.Second,the image must include the spatial or pattern relation of the object to the observer and to other objects.Finally,this object must have some meaning for the observer,whether practical or emotional.Meaning is also a relation,but quite a different one from spatial or pattern relation.
Thus an image useful for making an exit requires the recognition of a door as a distinct entity,of its spatial relation to the observer,and its meaning as a hole for getting out.These are not truly separable.The visual recognition of a door is matted together with its meaning as a door.It is possible,however,to analyze the door in terms of its identity of form and clarity of position,considered as if they were prior to its meaning.
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