基于单片机的交通灯控制器的研究与设计.doc

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摘要: 近年来随着科技的飞速发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，同时带动传统控制检测日新月异更新。在实时检测和自动控制的单片机应用系统中，单片机往往是作为一个核心部件来使用，仅单片机方面知识是不够的，还应根据具体硬件结构，以及针对具体应用对象特点的软件结合，加以完善。
十字路口车辆穿梭，行人熙攘，车行车道，人行人道，有条不紊。那么靠什么来实现这井然秩序呢？靠的是交通信号灯的自动指挥系统。交通信号灯控制方式很多。本系统采用MSC-51系列单片机Intel8031和可编程并行I/O接口芯片8255A为中心器件来设计交通灯控制器，实现了能根据实际车流量通过8031芯片的P1口设置红、绿灯燃亮时间的功能；为了系统稳定可靠采用了MAX629“看门狗”芯片，避免了系统因为死机而停止工作的情况发生；显示时间直接通过8255的PA、PB口输出；交通灯信号通过PC口输出；交通灯的点亮采用VT双向晶闸管来控制，直接采用220V交流电源驱动，系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展性强。

关键词：单片机 交通灯 控制器 设计 实现

Based on the design of the controler of traffic lights of single flat machine
with realization

TANG Bo
(Grade 2001 ,Computer Science and Technology[Educational direction], College of Mathematics and Computer Science，Chongqing Three Gorges University ，Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000)

Abstract: In recent years along with science and technology develop fast, the application of single flat machine is moving towards thorough continuously, at the same time drive traditional control detection day the benefit of new moon update In the only flat machine application system of the automatic control and detection of real time, only flat machine is often to use as a key parts, only single flat machine aspect knowledge is insufficient , return should basis specificly hardware structure, as well as aim at the software that applies object characteristic specificly combination, perfect
Crossroads vehicle wear comb, pedestrian Xi Rang, turn to be all right lane, person pedestrian says , methodically Do you lean what to realize this orderly order? What lean is that the automatic command system of traffic signal lamp Traffic signal lamp control way is many This system adopts MSC-51 series only flat machine Intel8031 with but programming parallel interface chip 8255 A of I/O is central device the design controler of traffic lights, haverealized can measure according to actual wagon flow the P1 installation bonus and green light that passes through 8031 chips burn to light the function of time; For system stabilize reliable have adopted MAX629 the chip " dog looks after the house ", have avoided that system stops working condition because of halting to occur; Show that time is directly exported through PB and PA of 8255; The signal of traffic lights is exported through usually PC mouth; The point of traffic lights light to adopt VT two-way Jing floodgate pipe come to control, directly drive with the alternating current source of 220 V, practicality is strong, operating is simple

Keywords: Only flat machine Traffic lights Controler Design Realize

目 录
摘要 I
AbstractII
1 引言 1
2 单片机概述 1
3 芯片的选者与简介1
31 MSC-51芯片简介1
32 8255芯片简介4
33 其他器件5
4 控制器硬件的设计5
41交通管理方案论证5
42系统硬件设计6
421交通灯系统框图6
422交通灯控制线路图7
423系统工作原理8
5控制器的软件设计8
51每秒钟的设定8
52计数器的硬件延时8
521计数器初值计算8
522计算公式8
523设置1秒的方法8
524相应代码程序9
53软件延时9
54时间及信号灯的显示10
541 8031并行口扩展10
542显示原理10
543 8255输出信号的放大10
544 8255输出信号与信号灯的连接11
545 8255与8031的连接11
55程序设计11
551流程图如图所示11
552 程序源代码 12

6看门狗硬件电路设计16
61软件看门狗 17
62硬件看门狗 17
7单片机开发系统19
8实验平台20
81实验平台20
82实验步骤 20
83 系统编程信息 20
831 系统内存分配和I/0接口使用 21
832 实验程序原代码 21
9结论26
10致谢26
参考文献27