水果分选自动化系统的设计.doc
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水果分选自动化系统的设计,全文49页约22000字论述翔实摘 要在现有电子称重式水果分选台的基础上，对其测控系统进行了重新研制,将原有的pc机控制替代为单片机控制。在保持原有测控功能的前提下，操作更加灵活、简便，降低了设备成本。该单片机测控系统以at89c51为核心，配以信号调理电路、a/d转换单元、信号输出电路和键盘/...
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水果分选自动化系统的设计
全文49页 约22000字 论述翔实
摘 要
在现有电子称重式水果分选台的基础上，对其测控系统进行了重新研制,将原有的PC机控制替代为单片机控制。在保持原有测控功能的前提下，操作更加灵活、简便，降低了设备成本。该单片机测控系统以AT89C51为核心，配以信号调理电路、A/D转换单元、信号输出电路和键盘/显示单元等几个部分。工作时，由电机驱动输送链轮将托盘中的水果送入输送道，通过安装在输送道下的压敏式压力传感器检测水果重量，将水果的重量信号转换为模拟的电压信号，模拟电压信号先经过信号调理电路放大、滤波，再经A/D转换器模数转换后，送入以AT69C51为核心的主机电路进行数据处理。
当主机采集到代表水果重量的数字信号时，系统软件对信号进行运算和判断，得出水果的分选等级,向相应分选开关发出开关量信号，这里，开关量信号必须通过软件延时，确保水果到达所属分选等级的分选口时，电磁阀才将分选开关打开，从而使得水果准确地落入相应的分选容器中。
最终实现对水果的动态称重和实时分选控制。该测控系统设计方案合理可行，操作简便灵活；能够预先设置分选等级，实现多种水果的分选，具有较好的通用性和灵活性。
关键词: 单片机，电子称量，水果分选，测控系统
Abstract
On the basis of the existing electronic weight sorter controlled by PC，a new microcomputer control and measurement system was developed；which reduces the cost of the device and keeps the former systems main function.The AT89C51 microcomputer was used as its core and was provided with some correlative circuits，including a signal adjustment circuit，an A/D convert circuit，a signal output circuit and a display/keyboard unit. When work, sends in by the motor-driven transportation chain wheel tray in fruit transports the road. Through installs in the transportation under pressure sensitive -like pressure transmitter examination fruit weight, transforms fruit's weight signal into the simulation voltage signal, the simulation voltage signal enlarges first after the signal recuperation electric circuit, the filter, after A/After the D switch a/d conversion, sends in AT89C51 is the core main engine electric circuit carries on the data processing.
When the main engine gathers represents the fruit weight the digital signal, the system software to the signal carries on the operation and the judgment, obtains fruit the separation rank.To separates the switch to send out the switch quantity signal correspondingly, here, the switch quantity signal must through the software time delay, guarantee when the fruit arrives the respective separation rank the separation mouth, the solenoid valve only then separates the switch to open, thus enables the fruit to fall accurately in the corresponding separation vessel.The experiment results indicated that this system works well and can be easily controlled；meanwhile it is multipurpose by setting sorting levels to sort different kinds of fruits.
Key words ：Single Chip Microcomputer； Electronic Weighting；Fruit Sorting
Control and Measurement System
目 录
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 水果分选自动化的发展 1
1.2 各种水果分选方法的对比分析 1
1.3 按水果重量分选 3
第2章 方案论证 5
2.1 系统实现方案 5
2.2 方案论证 6
第3章 系统硬件设计 7
3.1 机电部分 7
3.2 单片机系统设计 8
3.2.1 单片机的选择 8
3.2.2单片机的系统扩展 10
3.2.3时钟电路的设计 15
3.2.4复位电路的设计 15
3.3 放大器 16
3.4 A/D转换单元 17
3.5 信号输出电路 19
3.6 键盘/显示单元 21
3.6.1键盘接口芯片8279 21
3.6.2 LED显示 22
3.7 电源电路 23
3.8 报警电路的设计 24
第4章 系统软件设计 25
4.1 主程序流程图 25
4.2 分选程序流程图 26
4.3 键盘显示流程图 27
第5章 结 论 28
参考文献 29
致 谢 31
附 录Ⅰ 32
附 录Ⅱ 40
附 录Ⅲ 45
部分参考文献
[16] Tanenhaum ,Computer Network,Prentice Hall,1996
[17] F.Halsall,DataCimmunications, ComputerNetwork, andOpenSystems, Addison,
1992
[18] Peyton Z.Peebles,Jr,Probability,Random Variables ,and Random Signal Principles,Mc Graw-Hill Book Company ,1980
[19] 崔少辉等.单片机系统抗干扰问题研究.北京:中国自动化学会第十一界青年学术年会论文集,1996
[20] 赵负图.现代传感器集成电路(通用传感器电路).长沙:人民邮电出版社,2000,8
[21] 刘迎春.现代新型传感器原理与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1992：165-182
[22] 王艳秋，梅丽凤等.单片机原理及接口技术.清华大学出版社,227-246
全文49页 约22000字 论述翔实
摘 要
在现有电子称重式水果分选台的基础上，对其测控系统进行了重新研制,将原有的PC机控制替代为单片机控制。在保持原有测控功能的前提下，操作更加灵活、简便，降低了设备成本。该单片机测控系统以AT89C51为核心，配以信号调理电路、A/D转换单元、信号输出电路和键盘/显示单元等几个部分。工作时，由电机驱动输送链轮将托盘中的水果送入输送道，通过安装在输送道下的压敏式压力传感器检测水果重量，将水果的重量信号转换为模拟的电压信号，模拟电压信号先经过信号调理电路放大、滤波，再经A/D转换器模数转换后，送入以AT69C51为核心的主机电路进行数据处理。
当主机采集到代表水果重量的数字信号时，系统软件对信号进行运算和判断，得出水果的分选等级,向相应分选开关发出开关量信号，这里，开关量信号必须通过软件延时，确保水果到达所属分选等级的分选口时，电磁阀才将分选开关打开，从而使得水果准确地落入相应的分选容器中。
最终实现对水果的动态称重和实时分选控制。该测控系统设计方案合理可行，操作简便灵活；能够预先设置分选等级，实现多种水果的分选，具有较好的通用性和灵活性。
关键词: 单片机，电子称量，水果分选，测控系统
Abstract
On the basis of the existing electronic weight sorter controlled by PC，a new microcomputer control and measurement system was developed；which reduces the cost of the device and keeps the former systems main function.The AT89C51 microcomputer was used as its core and was provided with some correlative circuits，including a signal adjustment circuit，an A/D convert circuit，a signal output circuit and a display/keyboard unit. When work, sends in by the motor-driven transportation chain wheel tray in fruit transports the road. Through installs in the transportation under pressure sensitive -like pressure transmitter examination fruit weight, transforms fruit's weight signal into the simulation voltage signal, the simulation voltage signal enlarges first after the signal recuperation electric circuit, the filter, after A/After the D switch a/d conversion, sends in AT89C51 is the core main engine electric circuit carries on the data processing.
When the main engine gathers represents the fruit weight the digital signal, the system software to the signal carries on the operation and the judgment, obtains fruit the separation rank.To separates the switch to send out the switch quantity signal correspondingly, here, the switch quantity signal must through the software time delay, guarantee when the fruit arrives the respective separation rank the separation mouth, the solenoid valve only then separates the switch to open, thus enables the fruit to fall accurately in the corresponding separation vessel.The experiment results indicated that this system works well and can be easily controlled；meanwhile it is multipurpose by setting sorting levels to sort different kinds of fruits.
Key words ：Single Chip Microcomputer； Electronic Weighting；Fruit Sorting
Control and Measurement System
目 录
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 水果分选自动化的发展 1
1.2 各种水果分选方法的对比分析 1
1.3 按水果重量分选 3
第2章 方案论证 5
2.1 系统实现方案 5
2.2 方案论证 6
第3章 系统硬件设计 7
3.1 机电部分 7
3.2 单片机系统设计 8
3.2.1 单片机的选择 8
3.2.2单片机的系统扩展 10
3.2.3时钟电路的设计 15
3.2.4复位电路的设计 15
3.3 放大器 16
3.4 A/D转换单元 17
3.5 信号输出电路 19
3.6 键盘/显示单元 21
3.6.1键盘接口芯片8279 21
3.6.2 LED显示 22
3.7 电源电路 23
3.8 报警电路的设计 24
第4章 系统软件设计 25
4.1 主程序流程图 25
4.2 分选程序流程图 26
4.3 键盘显示流程图 27
第5章 结 论 28
参考文献 29
致 谢 31
附 录Ⅰ 32
附 录Ⅱ 40
附 录Ⅲ 45
部分参考文献
[16] Tanenhaum ,Computer Network,Prentice Hall,1996
[17] F.Halsall,DataCimmunications, ComputerNetwork, andOpenSystems, Addison,
1992
[18] Peyton Z.Peebles,Jr,Probability,Random Variables ,and Random Signal Principles,Mc Graw-Hill Book Company ,1980
[19] 崔少辉等.单片机系统抗干扰问题研究.北京:中国自动化学会第十一界青年学术年会论文集,1996
[20] 赵负图.现代传感器集成电路(通用传感器电路).长沙:人民邮电出版社,2000,8
[21] 刘迎春.现代新型传感器原理与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1992：165-182
[22] 王艳秋，梅丽凤等.单片机原理及接口技术.清华大学出版社,227-246
