巴塞尔ii和银行家倾向于采取措施避免过多的风险-------外文翻译（有出处）.doc
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巴塞尔ii和银行家倾向于采取措施避免过多的风险-------外文翻译（有出处）,摘要 银行家们都关注巴塞尔协议，尤其是新巴塞尔协议中关于风险的控制，因为风险是银行的重要组成部分。这最基本问题是“当过多的风险出现时，新巴塞尔协议是否可以有效地限制银行承担过多的风险？“我通过概述过度风险的定义和分析巴塞尔有效处理这种风险的程度来回答这些问题。我觉得新巴塞尔协议的措施既费钱又有不充分的地方，可能会增加过...
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摘要 银行家们都关注巴塞尔协议，尤其是新巴塞尔协议中关于风险的控制，因为风险是银行的重要组成部分。这最基本问题是“当过多的风险出现时，新巴塞尔协议是否可以有效地限制银行承担过多的风险？“我通过概述过度风险的定义和分析巴塞尔有效处理这种风险的程度来回答这些问题。我觉得新巴塞尔协议的措施既费钱又有不充分的地方，可能会增加过度冒险。最后，我做出的一个更好方法——基于资本/资产比率的包括完全必要的资金和及时的纠正措施的次级债券。
关键词 巴塞尔协议风险，过度风险，银行破产，次级债务，迅速纠正行动
对巴塞尔协议和新巴塞尔协议而言，两者都（切实地，着力地）关注于银行的风险承受能力。风险是银行的重要组成部分。银行家作为提供贷款和其它投资的先驱者，因为它们可能蒙受损失既不是自己的群体也是不其股东和员工。然而，在一个特定的社会中，应该考虑过度风险的存在增加了银行破产的危险。因此，我将通过讨论着手这个分析，在“过度风险的划定”方面，包括有益的风险、“过度”的风险和3种可能被他们认为是过度的情况下的风险。根据“新巴塞尔协议-基本协定”，我概述和分析了一些新巴塞尔协议对资本和风险之间关系的基本协定。新巴塞尔协议的制定是为了
Abstract Both Basel I and Basel II are concerned (indeed, obsessed) with risk taking by bankers. But risk is an essential part of banking. The essential issues are “when are such risks excessive and does Basel II effectively constrain bankers from taking excessive risks?” I answer these questions by outlining alternative definitions of excessive risk and analyzing the extent to which Basel II deals effectively with this risk. I find the Basel II measures both costly and inadequate, and likely increase excessive risk taking. I conclude with a preferable alternative procedure – including subordinated debt fully in required capital and prompt corrective action based on prestructured capital/asset ratios.
Keywords Basel II Risk. Excessive risk. Bank failure. Subordinated debt. Prompt corrective action
Both Basel I and Basel II are concerned (indeed, obsessed) with risk taking by bankers. But riskis an essential part of banking. Bankers who forebear from making loans and other investments because they might incur losses serve neither their communities nor their shareholders and employees. However, risks that increase a bank’s danger of insolvency might be considered excessive in a particular society. Hence, I begin this analysis by distinguishing, in “Delineation of Excessive Risk”, between risks that are beneficial and those that are “excessive” and three circumstances in which they might be considered to be excessive. In the following “Basel II – Basic Assumptions”, I outline and analyze some basic assumptions of Basel II about the relationship between capital and risk. Basel II was developed to deal with the shortcomings of Basel I. However, as shown in this section, some important shortcomings are ignored and, hence, continued, by Basel II. The morｅ complex risk measures that Basel II offers as improvements over the crude measures employed by Basel I are outlined in “Basel II and Risk Measurement”. As I show in “There isa Better Way”, these Basel II measures are both costly and inadequate. Furthermore, as discussed in “Basel II and Bankers’ Incentives to Take Excessive Risks”, if adopted they
关键词 巴塞尔协议风险，过度风险，银行破产，次级债务，迅速纠正行动
对巴塞尔协议和新巴塞尔协议而言，两者都（切实地，着力地）关注于银行的风险承受能力。风险是银行的重要组成部分。银行家作为提供贷款和其它投资的先驱者，因为它们可能蒙受损失既不是自己的群体也是不其股东和员工。然而，在一个特定的社会中，应该考虑过度风险的存在增加了银行破产的危险。因此，我将通过讨论着手这个分析，在“过度风险的划定”方面，包括有益的风险、“过度”的风险和3种可能被他们认为是过度的情况下的风险。根据“新巴塞尔协议-基本协定”，我概述和分析了一些新巴塞尔协议对资本和风险之间关系的基本协定。新巴塞尔协议的制定是为了
Abstract Both Basel I and Basel II are concerned (indeed, obsessed) with risk taking by bankers. But risk is an essential part of banking. The essential issues are “when are such risks excessive and does Basel II effectively constrain bankers from taking excessive risks?” I answer these questions by outlining alternative definitions of excessive risk and analyzing the extent to which Basel II deals effectively with this risk. I find the Basel II measures both costly and inadequate, and likely increase excessive risk taking. I conclude with a preferable alternative procedure – including subordinated debt fully in required capital and prompt corrective action based on prestructured capital/asset ratios.
Keywords Basel II Risk. Excessive risk. Bank failure. Subordinated debt. Prompt corrective action
Both Basel I and Basel II are concerned (indeed, obsessed) with risk taking by bankers. But riskis an essential part of banking. Bankers who forebear from making loans and other investments because they might incur losses serve neither their communities nor their shareholders and employees. However, risks that increase a bank’s danger of insolvency might be considered excessive in a particular society. Hence, I begin this analysis by distinguishing, in “Delineation of Excessive Risk”, between risks that are beneficial and those that are “excessive” and three circumstances in which they might be considered to be excessive. In the following “Basel II – Basic Assumptions”, I outline and analyze some basic assumptions of Basel II about the relationship between capital and risk. Basel II was developed to deal with the shortcomings of Basel I. However, as shown in this section, some important shortcomings are ignored and, hence, continued, by Basel II. The morｅ complex risk measures that Basel II offers as improvements over the crude measures employed by Basel I are outlined in “Basel II and Risk Measurement”. As I show in “There isa Better Way”, these Basel II measures are both costly and inadequate. Furthermore, as discussed in “Basel II and Bankers’ Incentives to Take Excessive Risks”, if adopted they
