半导体-----外文翻译.doc
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半导体-----外文翻译,a semiconductor is a solid material that has electrical conductivity between those of a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that wide range either perm...
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A semiconductor is a solid material that has electrical conductivity between those of a conductor and an insulator; it can vary over that wide range either permanently or dynamically.[1]
Semiconductors are important in electronic technology. Semiconductor devices, electronic components made of semiconductor materials, are essential in modern consumer electronics, including computers, mobile phones, and digital audio players. Silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially, but dozens of other materials are used.
Bragg reflection in a diffuse lattice
A second way starts with free electrons waves. When fading in an electrostatic potential due to the cores, due to Bragg reflection some waves are reflected and cannot penetrate the bulk, that is a band gap opens. In this description it is not clear, while the number of electrons fills up exactly all states below the gap.
Energy level splitting due to spin state Pauli exclusion
A third description starts with two atoms. The split states form a covalent bond where two electrons with spin up and spin down are mostly in between the two atoms. Adding more atoms now is supposed not to lead to splitting, but to more bonds. This is the way silicon is typically drawn. The band gap is now formed by lifting one electron from the lower electron level into the upper level. This level is known to be anti-bonding, but bulk silicon has not been seen to lose atoms as easy as electrons are wandering through it. Also this model is most unsuitable to explain how in graded hetero-junction the band gap can vary smoothly.
半导体是一种导电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间的固体材料。它能在此之间永久地或动态地变化。
半导体在电子技术中有着非常重要的地位。半导体设备，由半导体材料制成的电子元件与现代消费电子产品诸
如电脑，移动电话和数位录放音机等有着极为密切的关联。硅是商业应用上用做制造半导体的物质，此外还有许多其他物质也被用做制造半导体。
晶格中的布拉格反射
第二种说法是自由电子流。当由于核的作用而导致静电势下降，因为布拉格反射一些自由电子流被反射而不能穿透，就形成了一个能带隙。当能量较低的价带被电子完全填满时，这种描述就不是那么清楚了。
由于自旋态包利不相容导致的能级分裂
第三种说法是两个原子。分离抬形成一个两个电子在两个原子间的自旋的共价键。新增的原子不应导致分裂，而是增加了价带。这就是硅通常被提取的方法。能隙是由一个电子获得能量从低能态跳跃至高能态而形成的。这一能态被认为是反键。但是大量的硅并没有像电子流动一样失去原子那么简单。同样，这个模型也不适合去解释在渐变抑制结中能隙是怎么样顺畅地变化。
能带和导电
Semiconductors are important in electronic technology. Semiconductor devices, electronic components made of semiconductor materials, are essential in modern consumer electronics, including computers, mobile phones, and digital audio players. Silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially, but dozens of other materials are used.
Bragg reflection in a diffuse lattice
A second way starts with free electrons waves. When fading in an electrostatic potential due to the cores, due to Bragg reflection some waves are reflected and cannot penetrate the bulk, that is a band gap opens. In this description it is not clear, while the number of electrons fills up exactly all states below the gap.
Energy level splitting due to spin state Pauli exclusion
A third description starts with two atoms. The split states form a covalent bond where two electrons with spin up and spin down are mostly in between the two atoms. Adding more atoms now is supposed not to lead to splitting, but to more bonds. This is the way silicon is typically drawn. The band gap is now formed by lifting one electron from the lower electron level into the upper level. This level is known to be anti-bonding, but bulk silicon has not been seen to lose atoms as easy as electrons are wandering through it. Also this model is most unsuitable to explain how in graded hetero-junction the band gap can vary smoothly.
半导体是一种导电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间的固体材料。它能在此之间永久地或动态地变化。
半导体在电子技术中有着非常重要的地位。半导体设备，由半导体材料制成的电子元件与现代消费电子产品诸
如电脑，移动电话和数位录放音机等有着极为密切的关联。硅是商业应用上用做制造半导体的物质，此外还有许多其他物质也被用做制造半导体。
晶格中的布拉格反射
第二种说法是自由电子流。当由于核的作用而导致静电势下降，因为布拉格反射一些自由电子流被反射而不能穿透，就形成了一个能带隙。当能量较低的价带被电子完全填满时，这种描述就不是那么清楚了。
由于自旋态包利不相容导致的能级分裂
第三种说法是两个原子。分离抬形成一个两个电子在两个原子间的自旋的共价键。新增的原子不应导致分裂，而是增加了价带。这就是硅通常被提取的方法。能隙是由一个电子获得能量从低能态跳跃至高能态而形成的。这一能态被认为是反键。但是大量的硅并没有像电子流动一样失去原子那么简单。同样，这个模型也不适合去解释在渐变抑制结中能隙是怎么样顺畅地变化。
能带和导电
