材料制备机械设计理论中的新趋势和新问题-------机械外文翻译.doc

Abstract :

Based on reviewing the historical background, prospecting for the development trend ,analyzing the complicacy and mechanism and summing up some achievements and experiences in scientific research , several new problems and the possible direction of development in material processing technology and machine are proposed ,such as ,producing new concept materials possessing some specific and extraovdinary properties by means of integrating and coalescing conelative frontier science and technology ;and thereafter a brief discussion is given.


Keywords: interface; extraordinary physical field; procession machine ; function material










1　The Time Background of Material Processing Machine
In the long span of history of human progress ,many tools ,machines and methods were created and a variety of materials with different properties were processed. Materials and its processing have become one of pillar and driving force of mankind progress. In pace with multi - polar competition in current world and people’s striving perseveringly for happier life ,material function goes beyond unceasingly men’s knowledge and imagination ,for example ,cryptic function material ,semiconductor material ,energy material ,vibration - absorptive material , super - strength aluminum alloy accounting for 70 percent of application of aeronautics and space ,metal foil of 4～5μm ,deep drawing plate with anisotropy below 1 percent ,electronic aluminum foil with micro - orientation up to 95 percent ,heat resisting aluminum alloy with super strong specific strength used in aeronautics ,space and deep sea ,etc. Thus several important development trends with distinct time features in material processing domain are shaped up as follows :
(1) Creating material processing machine with extraordinary physical field for processing material with special texture structures and functions. For example ,applications of thermal energy and mechanical energy are breaking through unceasingly technology limit ,and some non - tradition energy ,such as microwave ,chemical energy , bioenergy , etc. , are introduced into material processing procedure one after another ,so that some material processing machines with extraordinary energy circumstance are produced.
1．机械材料加工的时代背景
在人类进步的一段长时间范围内，许多工具、机械和方法被提出来；不同的原料用不同的工具来加工。原料及其处理过程已经变成了推动人类进步不可缺的一部份。在当前世界中日益激烈的竞争和人们追求幸福生活的今天，物质的功能已经远远超出了人类现有的并不断增长的知识及想象。例如：神秘原料功能，半导体材料，原料能量有吸力的材料，在航空领域中占有70%份额的强力铝合金4~5um的薄金属片，用各向异性深冲压金属板在1%以下；电子铝箔与强耐热铝合金已经被应用到航空、宇宙及深海领域中，等等；在原料加工加工领域中不同的时间段里，材料重要发展趋势就这样形成了：
（1）在特殊的物理领域里制造原料加工机械，是为了能有特殊的质地结构和辅助性的加工功能。例如：运用热能和机械能能够突破科学技术的极限，将一些不常用的能量，例如：微波、化学能、生物能等等，一个接一个的被引入到材料加工中来，因此一些加工特殊能量原材料的加工设备就被制造出来了。
（2）突破传统的物质限制，将溶化、凝固、造型一体化，然后加热得到具有特殊功能的原料，这样就可以降低加工费用。例如：材料加工整形技术，比如像快速翻滚，喷雾处理、塑胶成型、喷射造型法、高能量射束等等被应用。
（3）原料加工处理正在向高速、重载和高精度在线控制方向上迈进。例如：轧制速度达到130m/s，压力变形已达到300MPa，尺寸精度达到了0.1um，成型精度已达到0.1i；浓度精度已达到0.1MPa。由于这些原因，原料加工机械设备设计理论将科学与技术相关联的领域有机的结合起来设计生产一中新概念材料加工设备是可能的。