矿山测量的昨天、今天和明天------外文翻译（原文+ 译文）.doc
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矿山测量的昨天、今天和明天------外文翻译（原文+ 译文）,本文综述了测绘学科的最新进展，给出了传统测绘学的概念和特征，主要论述了测绘学科新技术的发展现状，对全球定位系统、卫星重力测量、遥感、地理信息系统、宽带网络和虚拟现实这几项新技术分别给出其定义、学科特征和最新进展动态。文中最后给出了测绘学的现代概念，阐述了测绘学科正在向地球空间信息科学跨越和融合。关键词：测绘学；全球定位...
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此文档由会员 wanli1988go 发布
本文综述了测绘学科的最新进展，给出了传统测绘学的概念和特征，主要论述了测绘学科新技术的发展现状，对全球定位系统、卫星重力测量、遥感、地理信息系统、宽带网络和虚拟现实这几项新技术分别给出其定义、学科特征和最新进展动态。文中最后给出了测绘学的现代概念，阐述了测绘学科正在向地球空间信息科学跨越和融合。
关键词：测绘学；全球定位系统；卫星重力；地理信息系统；遥感；地球空间信息学
1 矿山测量学的兴起和发展简况
矿山测量学科的发展是与社会的需求和科学技术的发展、进步密切相关的，并且显示出不同的时代特点和内涵。尽管矿山测量工作几百年前、甚至上千年前就已存在，但作为一门独立的学科出现则是近一百多年的事。矿山测量作为一门独立的学科是始于德国、前苏联和东欧等国的。在德文中，“矿山测量术”一词为Markscheidekunst，它的原意是地界(Mark)划分(Scheide)术(Kunst)。传入俄国后，虽然有些学者曾建议改称为“矿山儿何学”，但由于矿山测量一词已叫习惯，很难更改。矿山测量的俄文是MapKme访JmpckoBo。在德国、俄国(包括独联体的国家)和东欧一些国家，矿山测量科技一直很受重视，发展较快例如：在德国的克劳斯托(Clausthal)技术大学，俄罗斯的莫斯科矿业大学、新西伯利亚大学，乌克兰的顿湟茨克工业大学，波兰的AGH科技大学(原克拉科大矿冶大学)，捷克的俄斯特拉发(Ostrava)技术大学，匈牙利的米什科尔茨(Miskolc)大学等都设立有矿山测量或工程测量(大地测量)与矿山测量学院(系)，可授予矿山测量学的学士、硕士和博士学位。在西欧、澳洲和印度等国家，矿山测量科学技术及其人才培养也一直比较受重视。例如：在英国的多所综合性(polytechnica!)大学或学校中设有矿山测量专业，皇家学会矿山测量师(Mining Surveyor或
Abstract
This paper reviews the latest progress of surveying and mapping disciplines, given the traditional concept and characteristics of Surveying and Mapping, surveying and mapping the main subjects discussed current development of new technologies, global positioning systems, satellite gravity measurements, remote sensing, geographic information systems, broadband networks and virtual reality that few are given the definition of new technologies, latest features and dynamic discipline. Finally, by using the modern concept of surveying and mapping science, surveying and mapping discipline is explained to the geo-spatial information science and the mixture.
Key words: Surveying and Mapping; global positioning system; satellite gravity; geographic information systems; remote sensing; Geomatics
1 Mine Surveying the rise and development profiles
Mine Surveying the development of discipline and social needs and scientific and technological development, closely related to progress, and show different characteristics of the times and content. Although the mine surveying hundreds of years ago, or even thousands of years ago there, but as an independent discipline there is something almost 100 years. Mine Surveying, as an independent discipline that began in Germany, the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and other countries. In German, the "Mine Surveying Techniques" word for the Markscheidekunst, it is intended boundaries (Mark) division (Scheide) surgery (Kunst). After the introduction of Russia, although some scholars have suggested a change as "what children learn mine," but the term has been named as mine used to measure, it is difficult to change. Mine Surveying the Russian is MapKme visit JmpckoBo. In Germany, Russia (including the Commonwealth of Independent States) and Eastern European countries,
关键词：测绘学；全球定位系统；卫星重力；地理信息系统；遥感；地球空间信息学
1 矿山测量学的兴起和发展简况
矿山测量学科的发展是与社会的需求和科学技术的发展、进步密切相关的，并且显示出不同的时代特点和内涵。尽管矿山测量工作几百年前、甚至上千年前就已存在，但作为一门独立的学科出现则是近一百多年的事。矿山测量作为一门独立的学科是始于德国、前苏联和东欧等国的。在德文中，“矿山测量术”一词为Markscheidekunst，它的原意是地界(Mark)划分(Scheide)术(Kunst)。传入俄国后，虽然有些学者曾建议改称为“矿山儿何学”，但由于矿山测量一词已叫习惯，很难更改。矿山测量的俄文是MapKme访JmpckoBo。在德国、俄国(包括独联体的国家)和东欧一些国家，矿山测量科技一直很受重视，发展较快例如：在德国的克劳斯托(Clausthal)技术大学，俄罗斯的莫斯科矿业大学、新西伯利亚大学，乌克兰的顿湟茨克工业大学，波兰的AGH科技大学(原克拉科大矿冶大学)，捷克的俄斯特拉发(Ostrava)技术大学，匈牙利的米什科尔茨(Miskolc)大学等都设立有矿山测量或工程测量(大地测量)与矿山测量学院(系)，可授予矿山测量学的学士、硕士和博士学位。在西欧、澳洲和印度等国家，矿山测量科学技术及其人才培养也一直比较受重视。例如：在英国的多所综合性(polytechnica!)大学或学校中设有矿山测量专业，皇家学会矿山测量师(Mining Surveyor或
Abstract
This paper reviews the latest progress of surveying and mapping disciplines, given the traditional concept and characteristics of Surveying and Mapping, surveying and mapping the main subjects discussed current development of new technologies, global positioning systems, satellite gravity measurements, remote sensing, geographic information systems, broadband networks and virtual reality that few are given the definition of new technologies, latest features and dynamic discipline. Finally, by using the modern concept of surveying and mapping science, surveying and mapping discipline is explained to the geo-spatial information science and the mixture.
Key words: Surveying and Mapping; global positioning system; satellite gravity; geographic information systems; remote sensing; Geomatics
1 Mine Surveying the rise and development profiles
Mine Surveying the development of discipline and social needs and scientific and technological development, closely related to progress, and show different characteristics of the times and content. Although the mine surveying hundreds of years ago, or even thousands of years ago there, but as an independent discipline there is something almost 100 years. Mine Surveying, as an independent discipline that began in Germany, the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and other countries. In German, the "Mine Surveying Techniques" word for the Markscheidekunst, it is intended boundaries (Mark) division (Scheide) surgery (Kunst). After the introduction of Russia, although some scholars have suggested a change as "what children learn mine," but the term has been named as mine used to measure, it is difficult to change. Mine Surveying the Russian is MapKme visit JmpckoBo. In Germany, Russia (including the Commonwealth of Independent States) and Eastern European countries,
