理解网络地址-----外文翻译.doc

You can think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on computers all around the world. Hypertext links these resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate these files. The information contained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser is sending a request to a remote computer to download a file.
　　What does a typical URL look like? Here are some examples:
　　http://english.chinaschool.net/
　　The home page for study English.
　　ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/
A directory of files at MIT available for downloading.
news:rec.gardens.roses
A newsgroup on rose gardening.
　　The first part of a URL (before the two slashes* tells you the type of resource or method of access at that address. For example:
Ø http - a hypertext document or directory
Ø gopher - a gopher document or menu
Ø ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of such files
Ø news - a newsgroup
Ø telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet
Ø WAIS - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Search database
你可以把万维网想象成一个存储在世界各地计算机上的电子文件的网络。超文本把这些资源链接在一起。统一资源定位器或者称之为URL是用来定位这些文件的地址。你只需单击一下鼠标，URL中包含的信息就可以让你从一个网页直接跳到另一个网页。当你在浏览器中输入一个URL或是单击一个超文本链接，你的浏览器就向远程计算机发送了下载文件的请求。
一个典型的URL是什么样的呢？以下是几个例子。
http://english.chinaschool.net/
---一个英语学习网站的主页
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/
--- 麻省理工学院一个可供下载的文件目录
news:rec.gardens.roses
---一个有关玫瑰园艺的新闻组
一个URL的第一部分，即两条斜线之前的部分告诉你资源类型或是那个地址的访问方式。比如说：
Ø http - 一个超文本文档或目录
Ø gopher–一个鼹鼠文档或菜单
Ø ftp – 一个可供下载的文件或这类文件的目录
Ø news – 一个新闻组
Ø telnet – 一个可以通过因特网登录的计算机系统
Ø WAIS – 一个广域信息检索数据库中的数据库或文档