金属板料的成形及冲裁-------外文翻译 冲压模具设计成型方面.doc

In metalforming,the geometry of the workpiece is established entirely or partially by the geometry of the die.In contrast to machining processes,ignificantly greater forces are necessary in forming.Due to the complexity of the parts,forming is often not carried out in a single operation.Depending on the geometry of the part,production is carried out in several operational steps via one or several production processes such as forming or blanking.One operation can also include several processes simultaneously(cf.Sect.2.1.4).
During the design phase,the necessary manufacturing methods as well as the sequence and number of production steps are established in a processing plan(Fig.4.1.1).In this plan,the availability of machines,the planned production volumes of the part and other boundary conditions are taken into account.
The aim is to minimize the number of dies to be used while keeping up a high level of operational reliability.The parts are greatly simplified right from their design stage by close collaboration between the Part Design and Production Departments in order to enable several forming and related blanking processes to be carried out in one forming station.
Obviously,the more operations which are integrated into a single die,the more complex the structure of the die becomes.The consequences are higher costs,a decrease in output and a lower reliability.
模具类型
　　　模具的类型和模具之间零部件的密切相关运输是根据成形步骤、预算的部件的尺寸、要生产的部件的生产量来确定的。
　　　大型钣金零件的生产几乎完全采用单套模具来实现的。典型零件可在汽车制造、国内家电业以及散热器的生产中找到。适当的转移系统，例如真空抽吸系统，可以使双动模安装在一个足够大的安装面上。例如，用这种方式可以使汽车左右车门在一个工作行程中一起成形。（参考图4.4.34）。
　　　尺寸大的单套模具需安装在大型压力机上。部件从一个成形点到另一个成形点的运输是机械化地执行的。工人或机器人可以使用与单工序压力机一前一后安装的冲压线(对比图4.4.20与 4.4.22)，同时，在大型多工位压力机上，系统还配备了夹钳轨（如图4.4.29）或交叉抽吸系统（如图4.4.34）来运输部件。
　　　多工位转换模是用于小型和中型零件的大批量生产（如图4.1.2）。它们由几个安装在同一个基准平面上的单工序模具组成。金属板料的送进主要以机械手运送的方式，也可以人工地从一个模具运到另一个模具。如果这部分的运输自动化，那么此时的压力就称为转换压力。在大板料转换冲压线上，最大的多工位转换模要与单工序模具配合使用（参考图4.4.32）。