建筑合同和担保的类型-----外文翻译.doc
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建筑合同和担保的类型-----外文翻译,1 建筑合同的类型建筑合同有许多类型，通常由业主来选择合同的类型。合同类型的选择取决于所执行胡工作的种类以及它是在什么样的条件下执行的。1.1 总价合同总价合同通常使用在建筑领域。在招标过程中要对所需要的材料的数量进行足够精确的计算，以使承包人提交出该工作的一个价格总量。每个项目的数量，...
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1 建筑合同的类型
建筑合同有许多类型，通常由业主来选择合同的类型。合同类型的选择取决于所执行胡工作的种类以及它是在什么样的条件下执行的。
1.1 总价合同
总价合同通常使用在建筑领域。在招标过程中要对所需要的材料的数量进行足够精确的计算，以使承包人提交出该工作的一个价格总量。每个项目的数量，例如干式墙、门框、浴室的水池、输电的管道和线，以及房顶的瓦片都需要从计划时就进行精确的计算。当工程需要材料的数量和质量在合同文件中都清楚说明了，提交一个投标总额对承包人来说才是公平胡。
1.2 单价合同
单价合同用于不可能对所需的材料总量进行精确估算的工作。单价合同通常用在繁重的公路工程上。设计者可能计算有1000 000m3 的土需要被移动，但是业主和承包人知道工程结束后， 承包人是不可能恰好移动1000 000m3 的土的。精确的数量将会改变。对这个问题公正的解决办法是业主告诉承包人估计的总量，在工程结束后按精确量出的数量支付承包人。
承包人提交的是一个单价合同里对每个项目定的价格。单位价格乘以工程师估计的量相差可以超过15%或20%，可能高于或低于估计的量，有时对单位价格还要进行协商。当实际的量较低时，承包商也许会要求重新确定一个较高的价格，因为预期所挣得的总额减少了。当实际的量较高时，业主因为相反的原因也许会要求重新定一个价格。单位价格合同的目的是公平地对待合同双方。
1 Types of construction Contracts
there are many types of construction contracts and the owner generally makes the selection of contract type. The type of contract selected depends on the kind of work being performed and the conditions under which it is being performed.
1.1 Lump sum
Lump sum contract are typically used for buildings. The quantities of the materials required can be calculated with sufficient accuracy during the bidding process to allow contractor to submit a single lump sum price for the work .The quantity of items such as drywall, door frames, bathroom sinks, electrical conduit and wiring, and roof tiles can be calculated accurately from the plans. When a clear definition of the quantities and quality of work required is provided by the contract documents, submitting a single lump sum bid is fair to the contractors
1.2 Unit price
Unit price contracts are used for work where it is not possible to calculate the exact quantity of materials that will be required. Unit-price contracts are commonly used for heavy highway work. The designer may calculate that 1,000,000 cy of earth needs to be moved, but the owner and contractors know that after the work has been completed, the contractor will not have moved exactly 1,000,000. The exact quantity will vary. The fair solution to the problem is for the owner to tell the contractor what the estimated quantity is, and then to pay the
建筑合同有许多类型，通常由业主来选择合同的类型。合同类型的选择取决于所执行胡工作的种类以及它是在什么样的条件下执行的。
1.1 总价合同
总价合同通常使用在建筑领域。在招标过程中要对所需要的材料的数量进行足够精确的计算，以使承包人提交出该工作的一个价格总量。每个项目的数量，例如干式墙、门框、浴室的水池、输电的管道和线，以及房顶的瓦片都需要从计划时就进行精确的计算。当工程需要材料的数量和质量在合同文件中都清楚说明了，提交一个投标总额对承包人来说才是公平胡。
1.2 单价合同
单价合同用于不可能对所需的材料总量进行精确估算的工作。单价合同通常用在繁重的公路工程上。设计者可能计算有1000 000m3 的土需要被移动，但是业主和承包人知道工程结束后， 承包人是不可能恰好移动1000 000m3 的土的。精确的数量将会改变。对这个问题公正的解决办法是业主告诉承包人估计的总量，在工程结束后按精确量出的数量支付承包人。
承包人提交的是一个单价合同里对每个项目定的价格。单位价格乘以工程师估计的量相差可以超过15%或20%，可能高于或低于估计的量，有时对单位价格还要进行协商。当实际的量较低时，承包商也许会要求重新确定一个较高的价格，因为预期所挣得的总额减少了。当实际的量较高时，业主因为相反的原因也许会要求重新定一个价格。单位价格合同的目的是公平地对待合同双方。
1 Types of construction Contracts
there are many types of construction contracts and the owner generally makes the selection of contract type. The type of contract selected depends on the kind of work being performed and the conditions under which it is being performed.
1.1 Lump sum
Lump sum contract are typically used for buildings. The quantities of the materials required can be calculated with sufficient accuracy during the bidding process to allow contractor to submit a single lump sum price for the work .The quantity of items such as drywall, door frames, bathroom sinks, electrical conduit and wiring, and roof tiles can be calculated accurately from the plans. When a clear definition of the quantities and quality of work required is provided by the contract documents, submitting a single lump sum bid is fair to the contractors
1.2 Unit price
Unit price contracts are used for work where it is not possible to calculate the exact quantity of materials that will be required. Unit-price contracts are commonly used for heavy highway work. The designer may calculate that 1,000,000 cy of earth needs to be moved, but the owner and contractors know that after the work has been completed, the contractor will not have moved exactly 1,000,000. The exact quantity will vary. The fair solution to the problem is for the owner to tell the contractor what the estimated quantity is, and then to pay the
