交通工具方式和本体论的安全性 汽车向它们的使用者提供心理和社会的福利吗----外文翻译.doc
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交通工具方式和本体论的安全性 汽车向它们的使用者提供心理和社会的福利吗----外文翻译,abstractthis paper presents some empirical evidence on the psycho-social benefits people seem to derive from their cars based on in-depth interviews with a samp...
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Abstract
This paper presents some empirical evidence on the psycho-social benefits people seem to derive from their cars based on in-depth interviews with a sample of car owners and non-car owners in the West of Scotland. We suggest that psycho-social benefits of protection, autonomy and prestige may help to ex-plain people's attachment to cars and also why studies have found consistently that car owners are healthier than non-car owners. In our study cars were seen to provide protection from undesirable people events, and a comfortable cocoon (but not as providing protection against accidents). Cars provided autonomy because car use was seen as being more convenient, reliable and providing access to more destinations than public transport. Cars were seen to confer prestige and other socially desirable attributes such as competence, skill and masculinity. We think that it is important for policy makers to consider how to make public transport more attractive by increasing its potential to provide similar sorts of benefits, and to do so by targeting the different needs of various population groups. 2001 Else vier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In 1991, two-thirds of Britons lived in households with access to a car (Office of National Statistics, 1991) and during the 1990s the number of cars on our roads increased further (Glaister and Graham, 1996). Despite congestion and the threat cars pose to the environment (Walker,1996; Monbiot, 1999) and personal safety (Davis, 1993; Department of Health, 1999), Government plans to reduce cars have not been met with enthusiasm by the general public (Jinks,1997; Moorhead and McCaffrey, 1999; Watson, 2000). There is some evidence that cars may be associated with health independently of income, suggesting that cars themselves may have health promoting features (Macintyre et al., 1998;Macintyre et al, 2001), despite other forms of transport, such as walking and cycling, being associated with health benefits (McCarthy, 1999;Mutrie et al., 2000).
Macintyre et al. (1998) studied a stratified random sample of 1186 people with household car access and 522 without access in the West of Scotland. After taking into account age, sex and i
摘要
这篇论文呈现的是人们从他她们的汽车上获得的心理和社会福利的一些实证性的证据，这些证据是他她们以苏格兰的西部一个汽车拥有者和非汽车拥有者的深入访谈的样品为基础而得出的。 我们认为心理、社会福利的保障，自治和声望可能帮助解释人们为什么对汽车的依赖，以及一致地研究发现为什么汽车拥有者是比无汽车者更健康。 在研究中我们看到汽车提供保护免于接触不受欢迎的人事件的, 和一个舒服的自我空间 ( 但是不当作提供对抗意外事故的保护) 。汽车提供了更多的自主权，因为使用汽车看起来更加方便，可靠并且比公共汽车更加容易达到目的地。汽车还传达了声望和其他的在社会上令人想要的品质, 如能力，技能和男子气概。 我们认为决策者者考虑如何增加潜在的提供相类似的利益使公共交通工具变得更具吸引力是很重要的，这样做，可以瞄准各种不同人口群体的不同需要来达到这样的目标。另外2001个科技股份有限公司竞争版权所有。
1. 介绍
在 1991 年，三分之二的英国人家庭是拥有汽车的(国立统计学的办公室,1991) ，而且在 1990 年代期间在我们的道路上行驶的汽车数字更进一步增加。 (Glaister 和Graham,1996)。 尽管交通阻塞和汽车对环境污染(Walker, Monbiot,1999) 以及对人身安全造成的威胁 (Davis,1993； 卫生署,1999), 政府减少汽车的计划没有得到公众狂热的欢迎 (Jinks,1997； Moorhead 和McCaffrey,1999； Watson,2000). 有证据显示汽车可能与健康、独立收入有关, 这表明汽车本身可能有健康促进的特征 (Macintyre 等人，1998； Macintyre 等人,2001),尽管像步行和骑脚踏车兜风这样的交通方式, 与健康有益是有关的(McCarthy,1999；Mutrie 等人,2000)。
This paper presents some empirical evidence on the psycho-social benefits people seem to derive from their cars based on in-depth interviews with a sample of car owners and non-car owners in the West of Scotland. We suggest that psycho-social benefits of protection, autonomy and prestige may help to ex-plain people's attachment to cars and also why studies have found consistently that car owners are healthier than non-car owners. In our study cars were seen to provide protection from undesirable people events, and a comfortable cocoon (but not as providing protection against accidents). Cars provided autonomy because car use was seen as being more convenient, reliable and providing access to more destinations than public transport. Cars were seen to confer prestige and other socially desirable attributes such as competence, skill and masculinity. We think that it is important for policy makers to consider how to make public transport more attractive by increasing its potential to provide similar sorts of benefits, and to do so by targeting the different needs of various population groups. 2001 Else vier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
In 1991, two-thirds of Britons lived in households with access to a car (Office of National Statistics, 1991) and during the 1990s the number of cars on our roads increased further (Glaister and Graham, 1996). Despite congestion and the threat cars pose to the environment (Walker,1996; Monbiot, 1999) and personal safety (Davis, 1993; Department of Health, 1999), Government plans to reduce cars have not been met with enthusiasm by the general public (Jinks,1997; Moorhead and McCaffrey, 1999; Watson, 2000). There is some evidence that cars may be associated with health independently of income, suggesting that cars themselves may have health promoting features (Macintyre et al., 1998;Macintyre et al, 2001), despite other forms of transport, such as walking and cycling, being associated with health benefits (McCarthy, 1999;Mutrie et al., 2000).
Macintyre et al. (1998) studied a stratified random sample of 1186 people with household car access and 522 without access in the West of Scotland. After taking into account age, sex and i
摘要
这篇论文呈现的是人们从他她们的汽车上获得的心理和社会福利的一些实证性的证据，这些证据是他她们以苏格兰的西部一个汽车拥有者和非汽车拥有者的深入访谈的样品为基础而得出的。 我们认为心理、社会福利的保障，自治和声望可能帮助解释人们为什么对汽车的依赖，以及一致地研究发现为什么汽车拥有者是比无汽车者更健康。 在研究中我们看到汽车提供保护免于接触不受欢迎的人事件的, 和一个舒服的自我空间 ( 但是不当作提供对抗意外事故的保护) 。汽车提供了更多的自主权，因为使用汽车看起来更加方便，可靠并且比公共汽车更加容易达到目的地。汽车还传达了声望和其他的在社会上令人想要的品质, 如能力，技能和男子气概。 我们认为决策者者考虑如何增加潜在的提供相类似的利益使公共交通工具变得更具吸引力是很重要的，这样做，可以瞄准各种不同人口群体的不同需要来达到这样的目标。另外2001个科技股份有限公司竞争版权所有。
1. 介绍
在 1991 年，三分之二的英国人家庭是拥有汽车的(国立统计学的办公室,1991) ，而且在 1990 年代期间在我们的道路上行驶的汽车数字更进一步增加。 (Glaister 和Graham,1996)。 尽管交通阻塞和汽车对环境污染(Walker, Monbiot,1999) 以及对人身安全造成的威胁 (Davis,1993； 卫生署,1999), 政府减少汽车的计划没有得到公众狂热的欢迎 (Jinks,1997； Moorhead 和McCaffrey,1999； Watson,2000). 有证据显示汽车可能与健康、独立收入有关, 这表明汽车本身可能有健康促进的特征 (Macintyre 等人，1998； Macintyre 等人,2001),尽管像步行和骑脚踏车兜风这样的交通方式, 与健康有益是有关的(McCarthy,1999；Mutrie 等人,2000)。
