建筑类型和设计-----外文翻译.doc

一项建设是紧密联系在一起的人, 它向人们提供必要的空间安居乐业。
如按它们的使用分类,建筑物主要有两种类型:工业建筑与民用建筑. 工业建筑物用于各种工厂或工业生产,而民用建筑物是指那些供人们使用， 住房,就业,教育和其他社会活动
工业厂房可用于加工和制造诸如矿业,冶金,机械制造,化学工业和纺织工业. 工厂厂房,可分为两种类型:单层的,多层的. 工业建筑与民用建筑结构大致相同. 但是,工业与民用建筑,在建造材料和用途有着不同之处.
民用建筑分为两大类:居住建筑和公共建筑. 住宅要适应家庭生活. 每个单位至少应包括三个必要房间:客厅,厨房和厕所. 公共建筑物,可用于政治,文化活动,管理工作和其他服务,如学校,写字楼, 托儿中心,公园,医院,商店,车站,剧院,健身房,宾馆,展览厅,洗澡池,等等. 每种房子都有不同的功能,这反过来说又需要不同的设计类型.
住房是人们生存的一部分。原则上说房屋的基本功能



A building is closely bound up with people, for it provides people with the necessary space to work and live in.
As classified by their use, buildings are mainly of two types: industrial buildings and civil buildings. Industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling, employment, education and other social activities.
Industrial buildings are factory building that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds, in such fields as the mining industry, the metallurgical industry, machine building, the chemical industry and the textile industry. Factory buildings can be classified into two types: single-story ones and multi-story ones. The construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings. However, industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used.
Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings. Residential buildings should suit family life. Each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms: a living room, a kitchen and a toilet. Public buildings can be used in politics, cultural activities, administration work and other services, such as schools, office buildings, child-care centers, parks, hospitals, shops, stations, theatres, gymnasiums, hotels, exhibition halts, bath pools, and so on. All of them have different functions, which in turn require different design types as well.