砌体表面的低强度与普通强度的砂浆面的结构性能--------土木工程专业外文翻译（含中英）.doc

Abstract Building with masonry is based on the experience of many centuries. Although this design is used worldwide, knowledge about the material behaviour of masonry is still subject to uncertainties. The determination of safety of these structures against earthquakes is a complex challenge. For instance it depends on the resistance of the structure, the seismic action and on many uncertain structural details. One of the key parameters regarding the resistance is the shear strength of the masonry. A series of tests on mortar prisms according to EN 1015-11 was performed in which the mortar properties were varied in order to measure bending and compressive strength. In a second test program, the shear strength of the masonry was tested according to EN 1052-3. Shear triplets were made to establish the shear strength variation due to deliberate variation of the mortar properties. In addition, for both tests on mortar prisms and tests on shear triplets, descriptive statistical parameters were calculated and an attempt was made to describe the datasets with probabilistic distributions for further dimensioning and stochastic assessments.
Keywords Shear strength – Coefficient of friction – Old masonry
摘要 砌体建筑物是基于许多世纪以来的经验。尽管这一设计被广泛使用,但是了解到的关于砌体材料的性能依然存在不确定性。这些结构在抗震中的安全性更是一个复杂的挑战。比如，它取决于结构的抗力、地震活动和许多不确定的细部结构。其中最关键的受力因素便是砌体的剪力。按照EN 1015 - 11对砂浆棱柱进行一系列的试验，在不同强度的砂浆下，测得砌体的抗弯和抗压强度。在接下的试验中，按照EN1052-3测得砌体的标准抗剪强度。进行三轴剪切试验，得出在不同砂浆强度下砌体的抗剪强度。此外，对于砂浆棱柱试验和三轴剪切试验，都采用了描述性统计参数进行计算。更有人企图作进一步的尺寸和随机评估的概率分布描述来进行数据收集。
关键词 剪切强度-摩擦系数-旧砖石
1 引言
砌体是一种典型的承压型建筑材料，但其剪切强度和抗弯承载力较低。这使得无筋砌体建筑十分有必要进行力学性能的分析，特别是对老旧的砌体建筑，以及进行合适的评估、分析和改造。
通常的设计和规范都特定采用欧洲标准（EC）。对于砌体结构，规范和设计方面的规定采用EC6[1]。极限状态分为三种情况：1.砌体竖向承载极限状态，2砌体剪切承载极限状态；3砌体抗弯承载极限状态。其中起控制因素的是抗剪承载力和抗弯承载力，尤其是在无筋砌体结构中。而主要的水平荷载是由风荷载或地震作用引起的。