一切都是对象------计算机外文资料翻译.doc
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一切都是对象------计算机外文资料翻译,“if we spoke a different language, we would perceive a some what different world.” ludwig wittgenstein (1889-1951)although it is based on c++, java is more of a...
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“If we spoke a different language, we would perceive a some what different world.” Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)Although it is based on C++, Java is more of a “pure” object-oriented language.
Both C++ and Java are hybrid languages, but in Java the designers felt that the hybridization was not as important as it was in C++. A hybrid language allows multiple programming styles; the reason C++ is hybrid is to support backward compatibility with the C language. Because C++ is a superset of the C language, it includes many of that language’s undesirable features, which can make some aspects of C++ overly complicated.
The Java language assumes that you want to do only object-oriented programming. This means that before you can begin you must shift your mindset into an object-oriented world (unless it’s already there). The benefit of this initial effort is the ability to program in a language that is simpler to learn and to use than many other OOP languages. In this chapter you’ll see the basic components of a Java program and learn that (almost) everything in Java is an object.
You manipulate objects with references
Each programming language has its own means of manipulating elements in memory. Sometimes the programmer must be constantly aware of what type of manipulation is going on. Are you manipulating the element directly, or are you dealing with some kind of indirect representation (a pointer in C or C++) that must be treated with a special syntax?
All this is simplified in Java. You treat everything as an object, using a single consistent syntax. Although you treat everything as an object, the identifier you manipulate is actually a “reference” to an object. You
“如果我们说另一种不同的语言，那么我们就会发觉一个有些不同的世界”。
—Ludwig Wittgenstein(1889-1951)
“尽管以C++为基础，但Java是一种更纯粹的面向对象程序设计语言”。
无论C++还是Java都属于杂合语言。但在Java中，设计者觉得这种杂合并不像在C++里那么重要。杂合语言允许采用多种编程风格；之所以说C++是一种杂合语言，是因为它支持与C语言的向后兼容能力。由于C++是C的一个超集，所以包含的许多特性都是后者不具备的，这些特性使C++在某些地方显得过于复杂。
Java语言首先便假定了我们只希望进行面向对象的程序设计。也就是说，正式用它设计之前，必须先将自己的思想转入一个面向对象的世界（除非早已习惯了这个世界的思维方式）。只有做好这个准备工作，与其他OOP语言相比，才能体会到Java的易学易用。在本章，我们将探讨Java程序的基本组件，并体会为什么说Java乃至Java程序内的一切都是对象。
1.1 用句柄操纵对象
每种编程语言都有自己的数据处理方式。有些时候，程序员必须时刻留意准备处理的是什么类型。您曾利用一些特殊语法直接操作过对象，或处理过一些间接表示的对象吗（C或C++里的指针）？
Both C++ and Java are hybrid languages, but in Java the designers felt that the hybridization was not as important as it was in C++. A hybrid language allows multiple programming styles; the reason C++ is hybrid is to support backward compatibility with the C language. Because C++ is a superset of the C language, it includes many of that language’s undesirable features, which can make some aspects of C++ overly complicated.
The Java language assumes that you want to do only object-oriented programming. This means that before you can begin you must shift your mindset into an object-oriented world (unless it’s already there). The benefit of this initial effort is the ability to program in a language that is simpler to learn and to use than many other OOP languages. In this chapter you’ll see the basic components of a Java program and learn that (almost) everything in Java is an object.
You manipulate objects with references
Each programming language has its own means of manipulating elements in memory. Sometimes the programmer must be constantly aware of what type of manipulation is going on. Are you manipulating the element directly, or are you dealing with some kind of indirect representation (a pointer in C or C++) that must be treated with a special syntax?
All this is simplified in Java. You treat everything as an object, using a single consistent syntax. Although you treat everything as an object, the identifier you manipulate is actually a “reference” to an object. You
“如果我们说另一种不同的语言，那么我们就会发觉一个有些不同的世界”。
—Ludwig Wittgenstein(1889-1951)
“尽管以C++为基础，但Java是一种更纯粹的面向对象程序设计语言”。
无论C++还是Java都属于杂合语言。但在Java中，设计者觉得这种杂合并不像在C++里那么重要。杂合语言允许采用多种编程风格；之所以说C++是一种杂合语言，是因为它支持与C语言的向后兼容能力。由于C++是C的一个超集，所以包含的许多特性都是后者不具备的，这些特性使C++在某些地方显得过于复杂。
Java语言首先便假定了我们只希望进行面向对象的程序设计。也就是说，正式用它设计之前，必须先将自己的思想转入一个面向对象的世界（除非早已习惯了这个世界的思维方式）。只有做好这个准备工作，与其他OOP语言相比，才能体会到Java的易学易用。在本章，我们将探讨Java程序的基本组件，并体会为什么说Java乃至Java程序内的一切都是对象。
1.1 用句柄操纵对象
每种编程语言都有自己的数据处理方式。有些时候，程序员必须时刻留意准备处理的是什么类型。您曾利用一些特殊语法直接操作过对象，或处理过一些间接表示的对象吗（C或C++里的指针）？
