中国养老保险制度---------外文翻译(外文原文+中文翻译).doc

中国目前正在处于一个变革的过程：从共产主义制度到社会主义市场经济，从农村社会向城市社会，从工业型经济到服务型经济。终于，这篇论文的主题定位就是见证中国的人口转型导致社会保障的转变。
中国正处在发展的社会保障体系，这种体系对应它进行社会主义市场经济转化的过程。社会保障体系的中心是退休金计划。中国传统社会的保障体系非常简单：“中央铁饭碗”，国有企业包括和国有企业相关单位的员工可以终身享受从医疗保险到养老金所有基本的社会保障服务。在这种情况下，国有企业有责任支付他们自己的养老费用。
由于经济，社会和人口的改变，传统的社会主义方式组织退休金变的不在可行，改革一步步实施，塑造了一个新的，更加现代的养老保险制度。最主要的经济因素是，国有企业的改革导致更多人失业，同时，在城市地区又出现一些充满潜力的私营单位，并且使得收入的大幅增长。在养老保险制度的讨论上，养老保险城镇化是讨论的重中之重。尽管农民工不断向城市流动，但是还有一半以上的中国人生活在农村。养老保险制度讨论的核心是人口。中国人口老龄化迅速。不

China is currently undergoing many transformative processes: from a communist system to a socialist market economy, from a rural to an urban society, from an industrial country to a service economy. Finally, and that is the topic of this positioning paper, one can witness a demographic transformation and consequently a social security transformation.
China is now in the process of developing a social security system that corresponds to its transformation into a socialist market economy. Central to this social security system is the pension scheme. The “iron rice bowl,” China’s traditional social security system, was very simple: employees of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and state related organizations enjoyed cradle-to-grave security for all basic social security services, from employment to health care to pensions. In this environment, the state owned enterprises were responsible for supporting their own pensioners.