重大环境污染事故罪主观方面探析.doc

目  录
　　
　　摘要
　　引言…………………………………………………………………1
　　一、重大环境污染事故罪主观方面观点述评……………………2
　　（一）重大环境污染事故罪主观方面观点概述…………………2
　　（二）重大环境污染事故罪主观方面诸观点评析………………2
　　二、本罪主观方面：排除故意……………………………………3
　　（一）本罪主观方面案例…………………………………………3
　　（二）本罪主观方面案例评析……………………………………3
　　三、本罪主观方面：过失和推定过失……………………………4
　　（一）过失：本罪的主观方面……………………………………5
　　（二）推定过失……………………………………………………5
　　四、严格责任于本罪之适用………………………………………6
　　（一）严格责任和绝对责任之辨析………………………………6
　　（二）本罪适用严格责任之争议…………………………………6
　　五、严格责任适用本罪之限制……………………………………9
　　（一）辩护理由对严格责任的限制………………………………9
　　（二）证明标准对严格责任的限制………………………………9
　　（三）刑罚适用对严格责任的限制………………………………9
　　（四）罪刑法定对严格责任的限制………………………………10
　　结语…………………………………………………………………10
　　参考文献……………………………………………………………11
　　附录…………………………………………………………………12
　　附件一………………………………………………………………12
　　附件二………………………………………………………………17
　　致谢…………………………………………………………………21
　　　
　　　
　
　　　
　　　
　　　摘要：重大环境污染事故罪的主观方面应排除故意，而包括过失和推定过失。英美法系的严格责任和我国民法的过错推定实质是一致的，它没有违背主客观相统一原则，没有否认罪过作为犯罪构成的必要构成要素，它仍是过错责任的一部分。环境污染具有众多特殊性，为了应对这种特殊性，更好地打击环境犯罪，维护公共利益和保护公民的合法权益，重大环境污染事故罪主观方面的认定中应引进严格责任。故本罪的主观方面应当以过错责任为原则、以严格责任为辅助。作为客观归罪的绝对责任应排除在本罪主观方面之外。完善现行刑法对本罪之规定，应就适用严格责任作出明文规定，并对严格责任作出一定的限制如允许辩护理由的存在。司法实践中，对违反国家规定的行为和严重后果持故意的行为，不构成本罪而应根据其行为的主客观要件等犯罪事实，依据刑法的其他规定如投放危险物质罪定罪处罚。
　　
　　
　　　关键词：重大环境污染事故罪  主观方面  严格责任  绝对责任  推定过失
　　　
　

Abstract: The subjective aspects of the crime of great environmental pollution accident should remove intent, but including fault and constructive fault. The strict liability in the common law is consistent with the essence of fault deduce in our civil law, which does not go against the principle of subjective aspect according to objective aspect, does not deny subjective fault as a necessary element composing a crime, is still a part of the fault liability. Environmental pollution has a lot of particularity, for dealing with this kind of particularity, better striking environment crime, safeguarding the public interests and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, it is necessary for us to introduce the strict responsibility to the crime of great environmental pollution accident. So referring to the subject aspect of this crime, fault liability should be applied firstly, auxiliary the strict liability. Absolute liability should be excluded from the criminal law for its nature of objective culpability.ｗe should make it clear in the criminal Law that this crime can apply to strict liability and the limit to it such as allowing the presence of defense. In judicial practice, for the case that the defendant holds intent not only to the behavior violating country regulation but also to the serious consequences, it does not compose this crime,we should convict the right crime as what it should be according to subjective and objective aspects，such as the crime of putting hazardous substances.

Key words: crime of great environmental pollution accident/ subjective aspect/ strict liability/ absolute liability/ constructive fault