世界贸易和国际贸易-----外文文献及中文.doc

In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved.
For example, the United States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any or its own. Consequently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala) that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. So instead of batter, which is trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United State receives money in payment for what it sells. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars, which Brazil can then use to buy wool from Australia, which in


在当今复杂的经济世界个人和国家都不是自给自足。 国家有利用不同的经济资源，人们开发了不同的技能。 这是世界贸易和经济活动的基础。 此贸易和活动中，导致的国际金融和银行已经演化。
例如，美国是主要使用者的咖啡，但它并没有增加任何气候或自己。 因此，美国必须引进高效种植咖啡的国家 (如巴西、 哥伦比亚、 危地马拉) 咖啡。 在另一方面，美国有大型工厂能生产多种化工和，可以出售给需要它们的国家的飞机等的货物。 如果国家交易如为 10000 袋咖啡，一个汽车的项的项外贸会非常麻烦和制约。 如此的即无钱交换的商品贸易的口味而不是美国用于它的销售支付收到钱。 它为巴西咖啡，巴西可以随后使用。反过来可以买纺织品，然后可以买到从美国来的烟草，买澳大利亚的羊毛用美元支付。
外贸，各国之间的商品交换，原因是很多地方都需要很多不同的商品。首先