常压蒸馏工艺计算毕业论文.rar

480万吨常压蒸馏工艺计算

摘  要

　　　本设计综述部分论述了清洁燃料生产的现状，并且对未来炼油企业生产清洁燃料的趋势进行讨论，设计部分主要完成了年处理能力为480万吨的大庆原油常压塔的设计计算，其次为塔板的设计。
　　　常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品的各物性数据，确定原油切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数，进料及侧线抽出位置，假设各主要部分的操作温度及操作压力，对全塔进行热平衡计算，确定全塔回流热。本次设计塔顶采用二级冷凝冷却回流，塔中采用两个中段循环回流，塔顶取热：第一中段回流取热：第二中段回流取热为 3：3.5：3.5，最后校核各主要部位操作温度都在允许的误差范围内。
　　　塔板型式选用F1型33克重阀浮阀塔板，依常压塔内最大汽相负荷处为2099.64Kmol/h，算得塔径为6.0m，塔板间距为0.6m，最后算得塔高为29.8m。对塔板流体力学性能进行核算，操作弹性为4.43，塔的操作性能良好。
　　　本次设计主要采用经验图表和经验公式进行计算，计算结果表明，参数的核算结果均在误差允许范围内和经验值范围内。
关键词：清洁燃料；发展趋势；大庆原油；常压塔；塔板；设计

Abstract
　　　Current state of producting clearer fuel and the trend of producting clearer fuel in refinery in the future are discussed in summary department. An atmospheric distillation column, which is able to treat crud oil 4.8MT a year, is designed mainly, and a type of tray is included.
　　　The design of the atmospheric distillation column is based on the datum of true point distillation of the crude oil and of Engler distillation of the products. The calculation of products′ phsical property parameters and the cut comceptual and products′ yields are also based on the datum. The tray number, the feed tray and the side stream withdrawal tray are determined by referring to the same kind unit. The following work is to assume the operating temperature and pressure of all the important points of the column and to make the energy balance calculation for the whole column, and make sure heat of reflue. A two-grade condenser is be used on the overhead of the column, and two mid-pump around on the body.  The ratio of the energy taken by the condensers from top to bottom is 3:3.5:3.5. Finally, the temperature assumed should be checked up. It is very important.
　　　A type of F1 valve tray, which weighs 33g a valve, is being chosen. It′s maximum vapor load of the column is 299.64Kmol/h, and outside diamete is 6.0m.The tray spacing 0.6m. So the height of the column body is 29.8m.In this section, the most important work is to calculate the hydromechanics performance and the operating flexibility of tray is 4.43. The tray should be operated in a proper area.
　　　The design is mainly adopted empirical figures and empirical equations. The results show that the results are in the range permitted and in the range of empirical values.
Keywords: Clearer fuel; development trend;daqing crude oil; atmospheric distillation column; tray; design
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目  录
1 前 言 1
1.1文献综述 1
1.1.1清洁燃料生产技术 1
1.1.2常减压蒸馏装置的重要地位 10
1.2 本设计的主要内容 16
2 设计说明书 18
2.1 原油性质及评价 18
2.2 产品性质 18
2.3 常压塔设计的参数确定 19
2.3.1 操作压力的确定 19
2.3.2 操作温度的确定 20
2.4常压塔设计中的一些经验数据 21
2.5塔板设计中的一些经验数据 22
3 常压塔的工艺计算 24
3.1 设计任务 24
3.2 基础数据 24
3.3 油品性质参数 25
3.4 实沸点切割点和产品收率 29
3.5 汽提蒸汽用量 30
3.6 塔板型式和塔板数 31
3.7 精馏塔计算草图 31
3.8 操作压力 32
3.9 汽化段温度 32
3.10 塔底温度 39
3.11 塔顶及侧线温度的假设与回流热分配 39
3.12 侧线及塔顶温度的校核 42
3.13 全塔汽、液相负荷分布图 46
3.13.1 对所选塔板进行汽、液相负荷的计算 46
3.13.2 绘制汽、液相负荷分布图 60
4 塔板的工艺计算 65
4.1 塔板工艺尺寸计算 65
4.1.1塔径 65
4.1.2 溢流装置 66
4.2 塔板流体力学核算 68
4.3 塔板负荷性能图 70
4.4 浮阀塔板工艺计算结果汇总 74
致 谢 76
参考文献 77