大学物理实验报告-超声探伤.doc
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大学物理实验报告-超声探伤,中文摘要超声波是频率在2×10 ～10 hz的声波，它广泛存在于自然界和日常生活中。超声波测试把超声波作为一种信息载体，它已在海洋探查与开发、无损检测与评价、医学诊断等领域发挥着不可取代的独特作用。例如，在海洋应用中，超声波可以用来探测鱼群或冰山、潜艇导航或传送信息、地形地貌测绘和地质勘探等。在检测中，利用超声波检验固...
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中文摘要
超声波是频率在2×10 ～10 Hz的声波，它广泛存在于自然界和日常生活中。
超声波测试把超声波作为一种信息载体，它已在海洋探查与开发、无损检测与评价、医学诊断等领域发挥着不可取代的独特作用。例如，在海洋应用中，超声波可以用来探测鱼群或冰山、潜艇导航或传送信息、地形地貌测绘和地质勘探等。在检测中，利用超声波检验固体材料内部的缺陷、材料尺寸测量、物理参数测量等。在医学中，可以利用超声波进行人体内部器官的组织结构扫描（B超诊断）和血流速度的测量（彩超诊断）等。
本实验简单介绍超声波的产生方法、传播规律和测试原理，通过对固体弹性常数的测量了解超声波在测试方面应用的特点，通过对试块尺寸的测量和人工反射体定位了解超声波在检验和探测方面的应用。
Abstract
Ultrasonic is the sound wave which frequency ranges from 2×104Hz to 1012Hz . Its frequency is far above the range of human hearing, which is only about 20Hz to 18KHz. However, some mammals can hear well above this. For example, bats and whales use echolocation that can reach frequencies in excess of 100KHz.
In 1830, F. Savart produced the first man-made ultrasonic at the frequency of 2.4×104 with a gear wheel. In 1929 and 1935, Sokolov studied the use of ultrasonic in detecting metal objects. Mulhauser, in 1931, obtained a patent for using ultrasonic, using two transducers to detect flaws in solids. Firestone (1940) and Simons (1945) developed pulsed ultrasonic testing using a pulse-echo technique. After the World War II, instrumentation of ultrasonic testing got a rapid developments spurred by the technological advances from the 1950’s continue today. Especially through the 1980’s and continuing into present, computers have provided technicians with smaller and more rugged instruments with greater capabilities.
Ultrasonic has so many advantages that it is employed in a wide range of applications in research, industry and medicine. First of all, it is a elastic wave therefore it can transmit in the most types of materials and it can be used to investigate both their surfaces and their interiors, whereas light can just get through the lucid materials and Hertzian waves is unable to transmit in the conductive materials. Secondly, the energy of the ultrasonic is so concentrated and its diffuse angle is so small that it can focus the object accurately. Such advantage was made use of in materials metering, non- destructive testing, submarine navigation and the like.
There is widespread agreement among researchers and scientists that ultrasonic is still in its infancy. This is evidenced by the fact that there is a great deal which is still not known about the field and the continued rapid rate of progress on nearly all aspects of it. Among the keys to further progress will be advances in materials (particularly piezoelectric materials for the transducers), in electronics and in computers (for interpreting and enhancing the results). Improvements in performance will be accompanied by further reductions in cost and increased diversity in the applications, likely including the development of some completely new uses.
超声波是频率在2×10 ～10 Hz的声波，它广泛存在于自然界和日常生活中。
超声波测试把超声波作为一种信息载体，它已在海洋探查与开发、无损检测与评价、医学诊断等领域发挥着不可取代的独特作用。例如，在海洋应用中，超声波可以用来探测鱼群或冰山、潜艇导航或传送信息、地形地貌测绘和地质勘探等。在检测中，利用超声波检验固体材料内部的缺陷、材料尺寸测量、物理参数测量等。在医学中，可以利用超声波进行人体内部器官的组织结构扫描（B超诊断）和血流速度的测量（彩超诊断）等。
本实验简单介绍超声波的产生方法、传播规律和测试原理，通过对固体弹性常数的测量了解超声波在测试方面应用的特点，通过对试块尺寸的测量和人工反射体定位了解超声波在检验和探测方面的应用。
Abstract
Ultrasonic is the sound wave which frequency ranges from 2×104Hz to 1012Hz . Its frequency is far above the range of human hearing, which is only about 20Hz to 18KHz. However, some mammals can hear well above this. For example, bats and whales use echolocation that can reach frequencies in excess of 100KHz.
In 1830, F. Savart produced the first man-made ultrasonic at the frequency of 2.4×104 with a gear wheel. In 1929 and 1935, Sokolov studied the use of ultrasonic in detecting metal objects. Mulhauser, in 1931, obtained a patent for using ultrasonic, using two transducers to detect flaws in solids. Firestone (1940) and Simons (1945) developed pulsed ultrasonic testing using a pulse-echo technique. After the World War II, instrumentation of ultrasonic testing got a rapid developments spurred by the technological advances from the 1950’s continue today. Especially through the 1980’s and continuing into present, computers have provided technicians with smaller and more rugged instruments with greater capabilities.
Ultrasonic has so many advantages that it is employed in a wide range of applications in research, industry and medicine. First of all, it is a elastic wave therefore it can transmit in the most types of materials and it can be used to investigate both their surfaces and their interiors, whereas light can just get through the lucid materials and Hertzian waves is unable to transmit in the conductive materials. Secondly, the energy of the ultrasonic is so concentrated and its diffuse angle is so small that it can focus the object accurately. Such advantage was made use of in materials metering, non- destructive testing, submarine navigation and the like.
There is widespread agreement among researchers and scientists that ultrasonic is still in its infancy. This is evidenced by the fact that there is a great deal which is still not known about the field and the continued rapid rate of progress on nearly all aspects of it. Among the keys to further progress will be advances in materials (particularly piezoelectric materials for the transducers), in electronics and in computers (for interpreting and enhancing the results). Improvements in performance will be accompanied by further reductions in cost and increased diversity in the applications, likely including the development of some completely new uses.
