乘用车车门有限元分析.doc

目     录

摘  要 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

1 绪论………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 课题背景……………………………………………………………………1

  1.2 国内外汽车车门有限元分析的发展现状…………………………………1

1.3 课题研究内容………………………………………………………………4

 1.4 课题研究目的和意义………………………………………………………4

2 有限元理论基础及软件介绍……………………………………………………6

2.1 有限元法理论基础…………………………………………………………6

  2.2 软件介绍……………………………………………………………………10

3 车门有限元模型的建立…………………………………………………………11

  3.1 车门刚度有限元模型建立原则……………………………………………11

  3.2 几何清理……………………………………………………………………11

  3.3 单元类型选取………………………………………………………………12

  3.4 网格划分……………………………………………………………………13

  3.5 零部件之间的连接…………………………………………………………17

  3.6 车门有限元模拟……………………………………………………………18

4 前门的有限元静力分析…………………………………………………………21

  4.1 前车门自由模态分析………………………………………………………21

4.2 前门侧向刚度分析…………………………………………………………22

  4.3 前门垂向刚度分析…………………………………………………………2

5 后背门的有限元静力分析………………………………………………………27

  5.1 后背门自由模态分析………………………………………………………27

5.2 后背门侧向刚度分析………………………………………………………28

  5.3 后背门垂向刚度分析………………………………………………………29

6 车门刚度优化……………………………………………………………………32

  6.1 车门结构优化要注意的问题………………………………………………32

  6.2 轿车前车门的优化分析……………………………………………………32

6.3 后背门的优化分析…………………………………………………………36

  6.4 车身结构优化展望…………………………………………………………38

7 论文总结及工作展望……………………………………………………………39

  7.1 主要研究工作总结…………………………………………………………39

  7.2 工作展望……………………………………………………………………39

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………41

文献综述………………………………………………………………………………44

摘  要

随着科技的发展，汽车产品也是趋于多样化和智能化，同时也趋于复杂化。在新车型的开发和设计过程中，如何来判断车门结构的合理性以及车门结构静态强度和刚度，是一项十分重要的工作。本课题主要对某国产轿车的左前门和某面包车的后背门进行了静力分析。

本课题主要利用有限元法分别对研究对象进行了自由模态和刚度分析，通过HyperMesh软件建立了车门的有限元模型，分析了各种工况下车门的固有频率和刚度，并得到了车门各种工况下的位移云图，使得分析计算结果更加的直观。

车门作为汽车车身的重要构件，必须保证它具有足够的强度和可靠性。进行车门的静力分析，为车门结构的设计优化提供了依据，使得整车设计周期缩短的同时也节约了成本。

关键字：车门；有限元法；静力分析；侧向刚度；垂向刚度

Abstract

With the development of science and technology, automobile products also tend to be more diversified and intelligent, and at the same time, tend to be complicated. In the process of the development of new models and design, how to determine the door the rationality of the structure and the door structural static strength and stiffness, is a very important work. This topic mainly for a certain domestic car left the front door and back door has carried on the static analysis of a van.

This topic mainly using finite element method respectively, the object of study on the free modal analysis and stiffness, and the door was established based on HyperMesh software of finite element model, analyzes the various working conditions is the door of the inherent frequency and stiffness, displacement nephogram and doors of various working conditions are obtained, and makes analysis and calculation results more intuitive.

The doors as an important component of the car body, must ensure that it has sufficient strength and reliability. The door to the static analysis, provided the basis for the structural design of the door optimization, makes the vehicle design cycle shortened at the same time also save on cost.

Key words: Car Door; FEM; Static Analysis; Lateral Stiffness; Vertical Stiffness