优化理论在网购中的应用.doc

摘  要

本文主要通过对最优网购问题中所提供的甲、乙、 丙 和丁四人网购总订单以及三个购物网站A、B和C相关的库存量、商品定价和优惠活动等方面进行探讨研究,将问题定位为消费者网购时应付的总费用最小化问题进行建模,按照题目要求分两问进行解答.

问题一：本文根据甲、乙、丙和丁的网购总订单分析发现有四人网购时购买了同一编号商品的情况，所以需要考虑库存量与需求量的关系.因此运用最优规划理论建立了同时适用于四人的最优网购方案的模型,运用Lingo软件编程求解可得出四人采购应付的总费用分别为659.81元、843.62元、783.85元和961.18元. 购物具体方案整理后如附录中表1、表2、表3和表4所示.

针对问题一,本文就实际生活中可能出现的多人购买同一商品的情况,在模型1的基础上进一步研究,同样采用最优规划理论建立适用于多人购买同一商品的综合模型2. 模型2相当于委托其中一人购买所有的商品,然后几个人按自己购物数量占的比例分担邮费,从而减少应付费用得到最优化方案. 经Lingo软件编程求解可以得出总体最优方案. 具体方案如附录中表5所示. 模型2与模型1相比更省钱,不过前提条件是网购者相互认识且委托其中一人将所有物品全部购买.

 问题二：本文根据相关调查和研究发现每个网站都有自己的促销方式. 有的商场使用打折的方式进行促销,有的网站会推出双重或多重促销方式,在打折的同时又推出商品货额达到一定数额免运费等优惠. 因此本文考虑在问题一打折的基础上,再添加最新优惠活动因素. 在模型1的基础上添加最新优惠活动得到模型3,运用Lingo软件编程求解可知甲、乙、丙和丁的网购应付费用总额分别为654.81元、828.62元、778.85元和951.18元. 具体购物方案如表6、表7、表8和表9所示.

关键词：网络购物；优化理论；最优购物方案；0-1变量

 ABSTRACT

This article mainly through to the best online questions provided in the A B C d four total orders online and A, B and C three shopping website of relevant inventory goods pricing further study favourable activity, etc, positioning problem when shopping for consumer to cope with the total cost minimization problem of modeling.

Question one: according to a Yi Bing Ding online when there are four people in total order analysis found that online shopping is to buy the same number of goods, so need to think about inventory and demand relationship. So by using the optimal planning theory is suitable for four people at the same time the optimal online scheme model, using the Lingo software programming to solve can be concluded that four people purchasing to deal with the total cost of 659.81 yuan, 843.62 yuan, 783.85 yuan and 961.18 yuan. The plans after finishing shopping such as table 1, table 2 and table 3 and table 4.

About question one, the real people at the same time in your life are likely to buy the same goods and consumers know, or many people in the same shop to buy goods. And online shopping if a bought many people to buy the same goods, the postage is calculate according to individual orders. That is to entrust one person to buy all the goods, the last few people according to their shopping accounted for the proportion of share the postage, so as to reduce costs, and optimization solution is obtained. According to the situation on the basis of model 1 further study, the optimal planning theory is adopted to establish the same applies to people buy the same goods, a comprehensive model 2 by Lingo software programming method can obtain the overall optimal solution. The specific scheme as shown in table 5.

Question two: in this paper, according to the investigation and study found that each website has its own way of sales promotion. Some stores use a discount promotion in the form of double or multiple promotions, some website will launch on sale at the same time introduce commodity goods amount reaches a certain amount of free shipping offers. So this article consider the question, on the basis of a discount, to add the latest preferential activities. On the basis of model 1 to add the latest preferential activities for model 3, using the Lingo software programming solution shows a Yi Bing Ding online deal with total costs were 654.81 yuan, 828.62 yuan, 778.85 yuan and 951.18 yuan. Concrete shopping plan in table 6 as shown in table 7 table 8 and table 9.

Key words: online shopping; Optimization theory; The optimal shopping plan; 0-1variable

目  录

目  录 1

1.问题重述 1

2.问题分析 1

2.1问题1的分析 1

2.2 问题2的分析 2

3.模型假设 2

4.定义与符号说明 3

5.模型的建立与求解 3

5.1模型1的建立与求解 3

5.2模型2的建立与求解 5

5.3模型3的建立与求解 6

6.模型评价与推广 7

6.1模型的评价 7

6.2模型的推广 7

附  录 9

参 考 文 献 17

致  谢 18