基于单片机的电机转速测量系统设计.doc

基于单片机的电机转速测量系统设计

                                                      

摘  要

在工程实践中，经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合，测量转速的方法分为模拟式和数字式两种。模拟式采用测速发电机为检测元件，得到的信号是模拟量。数字式通常采用光电编码器，霍尔元件等为检测元件，得到的信号是脉冲信号。随着微型计算机的广泛应用，特别是高性能价格比的单片机的出现，转速测量普遍采用以单片机为核心的数字式测量方法。

本文便是运用AT89C51单片机控制的智能化转速测量仪。电机在运行过程中，需要对其进行监控，转速是一个必不可少的一个参数。本系统就是对电机转速进行测量，并可以和PC机进行通信，显示电机的转速，并观察电机运行的基本状况。

本设计主要用AT89C51作为控制核心，由霍尔传感器、LED数码显像管、HIN232CPE电平转换、及RS232构成。详细介绍了单片机的测量转速系统及PC机与单片机之间的串行通讯。充分发挥了单片机的性能。本文重点是测量速度并显示在5位LED数码管上。

其优点硬件是电路简单，软件功能完善，测量速度快、精度高、控制系统可靠，性价比较高等特点。

关键字：MSC-51（单片机）； 转速； 传感器

Abstract

In the project practice, we will meet each kind to need frequently to survey the rotational speed the situation, the survey rotational speed method divides into the simulation type and the digital two kinds. The simulation type uses measured that the fast generator is the detecting element, obtains the signal simulates the quantity. Digital usually uses the electro-optical encoder, the Hall part and so on is the detecting element, obtains the signal is the signal impulse. Along with microcomputer's widespread application, specially high performance price compared to monolithic integrated circuit's appearance, the tachometric survey uses generally take the monolithic integrated circuit as the core digital measuring technique I graduated from the Design of the issue is control of the intelligent use of SCM speed measuring instrument. The system is the motor speed measurement, and PC and can communicate that the motor speed, and to observe the motor running the basic situation. 

    The main design AT89C51 control as the core, by the Hall sensor, LED digital CRT, HIN232CPE-level conversion, and a RS232. Detailed measurements of the speed of the SCM system and PC and the serial communication between the microcontroller. Give full play to the performance of the SCM. This paper is to measure the speed and displayed in five LED digital pipe. 

    The advantage of a simple hardware and software capabilities improve, measuring speed, high precision and control system reliable, cost-effective and so on.

Keyword：MSC-51(One-chip computer)；  sensor；  Tachometer

目  录

摘  要 1

Abstract 2

1 序  言 1

2 系统功能分析 2

2.1 系统功能概述 2

2.2 系统要求及主要内容 2

3 系统总体设计 4

3.1 硬件电路设计思路 4

3.2 软件设计思路 4

4 硬件电路设计 6

4.1 单片机模块 6

4.1.1 处理执行元件 6

4.1.2 时钟电路 10

4.1.3 复位电路 11

4.1.4 显示电路 12

4.2 霍尔传感器简介 15

4.2.1 霍尔器件概述 15

4.2.2 霍尔传感器的应用 16

4.2.3 AH41霍尔开关 17

5 软件设计 22

5.1 单片机转速程序设计思路及过程 22

5.1.1 单片机程序设计思路 22

5.1.2 单片机转速计算程序 23

5.1.3 二-十进制转换程序 24

5.2 程序设计 27

6 系统调试 29

6.1 硬件调试 29

6.2 软件调试 30

6.3 综合调试 32

6.4 故障分析与解决方案 33

6.5 结论与经验 34

参考文献 36

致    谢 37

总电路图....................................................39