基于plc的智能交通灯控制系统设计.doc

摘  要：

    在当今高速发展的社会里，交通问题成为大家关注的社会问题，目前国内十字路口的交通灯控制一般是定时切换控制的。在未来的工业发展中，交通灯的需求将慢慢地走向人性化、自由化和便利化。由于交通系统是一个具有随机性、模糊性和不确定性的控制系统，汽车数量的直线上升及现有的定时切换控制交通方式的局限性都使得我们有必要寻求一种智能的交通控制系统。

本设计分析了现代城市交通控制与管理问题的现状，结合城乡交通的实际情况阐述了交通灯控制系统的工作原理，给出了一种简单实用的城市交通灯控制系统的硬件电路设计方案。系统采用PLC实现正常交通的时序控制，通过传感器自动获取车辆数据，完成对交通异常状况的检测，PLC根据取得的数据运用一定的智能控制原则自动调节红绿灯的时间长度。

比较传统的定时交通灯控制与智能交通灯控制，最大限度地减少车辆滞留现象，较好地解决了车流量不均衡、不稳定问题,提高了公路交通通行率，较全球定位系统而言成本更低,从而也充分的利用了有限的人力和物力资源。同时对减轻车辆尾气排放、降低环境污染都起到了不可低估的作用。

 

Abstract:

    With the rapid development of the society, the traffic problems become a concern of social problems, the current domestic crossroads traffic lights control is generally a timing switching control. In the future in the development of industry, traffic demand will slowly towards humanity, liberalization and facilitation. The transport system is a random, fuzzy and uncertain control systems, the number of cars straight up and the existing timing switch control mode of transport limitations make it is necessary for us to seek a kind of intelligent traffic control system

    The design and analysis of the modern city traffic control and management of the status quo, rural and urban traffic light of the actual situation of a traffic light control system's principle of work, the paper puts forward a simple and practical city traffic light control system hardware circuit design. The system uses PLC to realize sequential control of the normal transportation, through the sensor automatic access to vehicle data, performed on abnormal traffic detection, PLC according to the data obtained by using certain intelligent control principle of automatic adjusting light time length

   Compared with the traditional control of the timing of traffic lights and traffic lights control, minimize the vehicles stranded, solved the problem of traffic imbalance, instability, improved highway traffic rate, higher than the global positioning system to lower the cost, so as to make full use of the limited manpower and material resources. At the same time to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, reduce environmental pollution has played a role should not be underestimated.

Keywords: PLC control system Traffic lights Intelligent control

 

目  录

1  引言 8

1.1 交通灯的发展史 8

1.2 我国城市交通的发展现状 10

2  智能交通灯方案设计 11

2.1 系统构建 11

2.2 智能交通信号灯正常控制方式 12

2.3 急车强通控制方式 13

３  智能交通灯系统的硬件设计 14

3.1 PLC的用途与特点 15

3.1.1 PLC的用途 15

3.1.2 PLC的特点 16

3.2Plc的选型 16

3.2.1  FX2NPLC的结构 17

3.2.2 PLC的工作原理 18

3.3传感器的选择 19

3.4 I/O分配表 20

3.5 I/O分配点数估算 20

3.6 PLC硬件电路图 20

4  PLC软件编程设计 22

4.1 程序流程图 22

4.2 plc梯形图 24

4.3程序语句表 27

5系统评价 29

5.1系统的优点 29

5.2系统需改进的地方 29

7 总结 30

8 致谢 31

参考文献 32