基于单片机的步进电机红外遥控控制.doc

摘  要

红外线遥控装置具有体积小、功耗低、功能强、成本低等特点，是目前使用广泛的一种近距离无线通信和遥控方式。为了满足工农业生产中对电机转速实时测控要求，本文进行红外遥控电机转速系统的设计研究，详细地分析了各功能模块的硬件电路的设计和相关软件程序的编写。

本系统主要包括红外线信号的收发、LCD1602液晶显示、独立键盘扫描、步进电动机转速控制等几个重要功能模块。首先，通过对红外线遥控工作原理的分析，提出基于单片机STC89C54RD+进行编码、译码，并将脉冲信号调制在38KHz的高频载波上，抑制红外干扰，设计了红外遥控接收程序；其次，该系统可分为三大模块，它们分别是输入模块、控制模块及显示模块。输入模块采用5个独立键盘实现步进电机加减速、运行模式、正反转和启停控制输入功能；显示模块则选用LCD完成步进电机的运行模式、速度、正反转等运行状态的显示。

本设计采用单片机组成红外遥控步进电机转速系统，结构简单，功能强大，运行可靠，可对电机转速进行良好控制。

关键词：STC89C54RD+单片机，红外遥控，步进电机

Design of Stepper Motor Control System Based on Microntroller of Infrared Remote Control

Abstract

The infrared remote control devices are mostly used near distance wireless communication manner due to small volume, low power waste, strong function as well as low cost. To achievement the real-time measurement and control of motor speed in agriculture and industry, a system of motor speed controlled through infrared remote controlling based on micro-chip computer is designed, and the particular analysis of the hardware and software is given.

This design is mainly made up several modules including receive and transmission of infrared remote control signal, LCD1602, keyboard scanning monitor, motor speed control. First analytical infrared remote control work principle, put forward carrying on the coding and translating the code based on a MCU STC89C54RD+, The high frequency that combine to make pulse signal in the 38 KHz carries wave, repress the infrared interference, design the electric circuit of the infrared remote control, writhed the procedure of infrared send out and receive; Control the aspect in the rotate speed of the direct current motive. This design adoption establishing to share empty ratio, control the open time of the relay, raised the system goodly more to the accuracy that the rotate speed of the electric motor control rotate speed. Using the infrared remote control, can circulate the speed to establish the limit to the electrical engineering; Introduced concrete measure of the expansive function of the exaltation system finally.

This design adopts the MCU to constitute the infrared remote control electric motor rotate speed system, the structure is simpers, the function is strong, circulating the credibility, can carry on the electric motor rotate speed good measure and control.

Key Words：MCU STC89C54RD+, infrared remote, Stepper motor 

目  录

第1章 绪  论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 课题意义 1

1.3 国内外发展情况 2

1.3.1 红外通信传送数据和视频 2

1.3.2 红外通信技术对计算机技术的冲击 4

1.4 课题内容及目标 4

第2章 总体设计 6

2.1 总体方案的设计 6

2.2 调速方案的设计 6

第3章 系统硬件设计 8

3.1 单片机最小系统的设计 8

3.2 红外遥控及LCD模块 10

3.2.1 红外遥控编解码原理 10

3.2.2 LCD显示模块 13

3.3 步进脉冲产生模块 14

3.3.1步进电机工作原理 14

3.3.2步进电机的调速 16

3.4 步进电机驱动电路设计 17

第4章 系统软件设计 19

4.1 系统主程序设计 19

4.2 红外接收与解码子程序设计 19

4.3 显示子程序的设计 20

4.4 正反转子程序设计 21

第5章 系统调试 22

5.1操作控制及现象 22

5.2设计过程中遇到的主要问题及解决方案 24

第6章 结 论 25

结束语 26

致  谢 27

参考文献 28

附录系统程序清单 29