基于单片机的智能火灾报警系统毕业论文.doc

摘  要

科学技术的飞速发展与进步给人们的生活带来了前所未有的便利，如电力技术的迅猛发展与应用，合成材料的诞生，新能源的不断涌现，自动化程度的不断提高等等，使人们的衣食住行条件得到了极大的改善。然而其负面的作用也随之凸显出来，如液化石油气，各种电子产品，易燃装饰材料等我们身边经常接触到的一些普通生活用品，为火灾的发生埋下了巨大的隐患，人们在享受科技带来的便利之外无时不在受到潜在的火灾的威胁。所谓水火无情，为了避免火灾以及减少火灾造成的损失，让人们的生活更加安宁，残酷的现实以及触目惊心的教训要求我们必须设计和完善火灾自动报警系统，提高火灾的预警与早期处理水平，将火灾消灭在萌芽状态，最大限度地减少社会财富的损失。基于此，本文从生活中的实际情况着手，设计了一种适用于多种公共场所的基于单片机的火灾智能报警系统。该火灾报警系统是以AT89C51单片机作为控制中心，接受、处理火灾探测器输出的烟雾浓度信号、温度信号，并进行声光报警。它通过不断的向现场发射巡检信号来监视现场的温度、烟雾浓度等，并不断反馈给报警控制器，控制器将接到的信号与内存的正常整定值比较、判断确定是否有火灾的发生。当现场烟雾或者温度发生异常，或者发生火灾时，可实现声光报警、烟雾浓度、温度报警限设置、故障自诊断、延时报警等，是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾传感器，具有一定的实用价值。

关键词：AT89C51单片机，智能报警，传感器，控制器

Abstract

The rapid development and progress of science and technology has brought unprecedented convenience to people's life,as the rapid development of electric technology and application of composite materials, the constantly emerging of the new energy, the constant improvement of the degree of automation, etc. make people's food and clothing live line conditions improved greatly. However, its negative effect also stands out, some ordinary articles for daily use such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), all kinds of electronic products, flammable decorative materials around us, buried the huge hidden trouble for the beginning of the fire, people enjoying the convenience from technology constantly under the threat of potential fire. So-called water ruthless, in order to avoid fire and reduce fire losses, make people's life more peaceful, the harsh reality and shocking lesson requires us to design and improve the automatic fire alarm system and improve the level of fire early warning and handling, which will make a fire in the bud, to minimize the loss of wealth of society.Based on this, this text set about from the actual situation in life, we design a kind of intelligent fire detection and alarm system  suitable for a variety of public places of based on single chip microcomputer. The fire alarm system based on AT89C51 as the control center, accepts and treats the signal of  smoke concentration and temperature of the smoke fire detector,  alarming with sound and light. Through sending inspection signal to the site inspection, it monitors the temperature and smoke concentration, and constantly feedbacks to alarm controller, the controller will receive the signal compared with the normal setting value of the memory and judgment whether there is a fire happening. When the smoke temperature anomalies, or there is a fire, it can realize sound and light alarm, the setting of smoke concentration and temperature alarm limit, fault self-diagnosis, delayed alarm, etc.It's a kind of intelligent smoke sensor,which has certain practical value ,with the simple structure, stable performance, convenient using, low costing, and so on.

Keywords: AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, Intelligent alarm, Sensor, Controller

目  录

1 绪论 1

1.1 选题的背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外发展状况和现状 1

1.2.1 火灾报警系统发展历程 1

1.2.2 国内外火灾报警系统的发展现状 2

2 火灾报警系统及其整体方案设计 4

2.1 火灾发生时的特点 4

2.2火灾报警系统功能及其类型 5

2.3 本系统的总体方案设计 6

2.3.1 本设计的研究范围 6

2.3.2 系统的硬件总体结构 7

2.3.3 系统软件总体结构 8

3 系统的硬件选择与设计 9

3.1 主要芯片的选择 9

3.1.1 单片机的选择 9

3.1.2 模数转换芯片的选择 10

3.2 传感器的选择 13

3.2.1火灾探测器的分类 13

3.2.2 温度探测器的选定 14

3.2.3 烟雾传感器的选择 16

3.3 各电路模块的设计 19

3.3.1单片机外围接口电路 19

3.3.2 A/D转换电路 20

3.3.3 烟雾信号调理电路 22

3.3.4 光报警电路 23

3.3.5 声报警电路 23

3.3.6 报警器故障自诊断 23

4 火灾报警系统的软件设计 24

4.1 软件开发环境 24

4.2 火灾报警系统程序设计 24

4.2.1主程序流程图 24

4.2.2 主程序初始化流程图 25

4.2.3数据采集子程序 25

4.2.4 火灾判断与报警程序 26

4.2.5 滤波子程序 27

5功能仿真验证分析 29

5.1关于仿真与编程软件 29

5.2 Protues仿真原理图 29

6 总结与展望 30

6.1 总结 30

6.2 展望 31

致  谢 32

参考文献 33

附  录 34