基于at89c51单片机的数字节拍器设计.doc

摘 要

节拍是塑造音乐形象的基本表现手法，它用强弱关系来组织音乐，使音值相同的重音与非重音有规律的循环重复。节拍器是一种会打拍子的设备，它使练琴或练声音者藉以正确掌握乐曲速度，从而使音乐练习达到事半功倍的效果。节拍器分机械式和电子式的两种，本文介绍的是基于单片机设计的电子节拍器。
电子节拍器是音乐教学中非常重要的仪器，是为不同拍号音乐打出速度可调、 强弱拍反复交替的节拍使用的。此类节拍器以AT89C51单片机为控制核心,充分利用其中断和定时系统,通过C语言或汇编语言程序设计,控制外部相关硬件电路,实现了对电子音乐节拍的调节,音色优美。电子节拍器广泛应用在电子琴、钢琴、临床心电图等各个领域中。电子节拍器的性能 越来越优越，如稳定的等值性，足够的速度范围，速度可变，调节方便、准确。本节拍器应用单片机设计制作，固定频率可调，可储存多模式，可为音乐爱好者培养乐感,也可作为专业人士音乐创作或者歌声伴奏中的节拍产生器。

关键词：电子节拍器，单片机，中断，定时系统，硬件电路



Metronome program based on the AT89C51 single-chip design

ABSTRACT

Beat is to create the image of the basic musical techniques from the strength of its relationships with organizations, music, sound values to the same stress and non stress a regular cycle to repeat. Metronome is a device would beat time, it makes practicing or training in order to correctly grasp the sounds are music, thus making the music to practice to achieve effective and efficient. Metronome is divided into two type -mechanical and electronic, this paper is based on single chip design of electronic metronome.
Electronic metronome is a very important instrument in music teaching, music, was taken to different play speed adjustable, strong and weak beats an iterative process. This metronome uses of AT89C51 microcontroller as the control center, full using of its interrupt and timing system, through the C language or assembly language programming, controlling of external related hardware circuit, the beat of the regulation of electronic music, sounding beautiful. Electronic metronome is widely used in clinical electrocardiogram of organ, piano, and other fields. Superior performance more and more electronic metronome, such as stable equivalence, enough range of speed, variable speed, convenient adjustment and accuracy. The metronome is designed with Microcontroller Unit, the fixed frequency adjustable, multi-store model, as music lovers can cultivate a sense of music, also as a professional music or singing the rhythm accompaniment generator.


KEY WORDS: Electronic metronme，Microcontroller Unit，Interrupt，Timing System，Hardware

目　录

前　言 1
第1章 节拍器设计概述 3
1.1 电子节拍器简介 3
1.1.1 简要介绍 3
1.1.2 主要功能 3
1.2 节拍概述 5
第2章 系统总体方案 8
2.1 设计原理及思路 8
2.1.1 设计原理 8
2.1.2 设计思路 8
第3章 硬件概述与选型 10
3.1 AT89C51单片机概况 10
3.2 系统外围设备 13
3.2.1 LM7805 14
3.2.2 7805应用电路 15
3.2.3 四位共阳极数码管 16
第4章 系统功能模块设计 18
4.1 系统总体概述 18
4.1.1 硬件电路原理概述 18
4.1.2 硬件工作流程图及总述 19
4.2 按键键盘模块 21
4.2.1 键盘接口及处理程序 21
4.2.2 软件设计 23
4.3 显示器模块 24
4.3.1 LED显示和接口 24
4.3.2 LED显示子程序 25
4.4 定时器和中断模块 26
4.4.1 定时器 26
4.4.2 中断 27
4.4.3 定时器初值的计算与误差 28
第5章 程序的调试与测试 29
5.1 仿真开发系统 29
5.2 调试过程 31
5.2.1 软件的调试 31
5.2.2 硬件的调试 32
结　论 33
谢 辞 34
参考文献 35
附　录 37
外文资料翻译 48