家用太阳能热水器控制器的设计.doc

家用太阳能热水器控制器的设计

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摘要 太阳能热水器智能控制系统主要包含以下几个方面的模块：单片机MCU及其辅助电路、温度检测电路、水位检测及AD电路、键盘电路、LCD显示电路及报警电路、辅助上水及加热电路。根据相应的硬件以及软件的设计解决相应自动化的问题。其中关于自动化检测和控制的一些设计想法有助于改良实际生活中已设计的太阳能热水器的一些功能，也可以节约成本，提高性价比。本论文当中介绍的太阳能热水器智能控制系统是以MCS-51单片机为核心, 实现了对热水器水箱的水位、水温等进行显示和检测，并且能够对自动上水进行控制，在光照不足的阴雨天气下或着寒冷的季节里还能够进行辅助电热，从而提高水温，在寒冷的冬季能对上水管道的水进行排空, 防止管道冻裂，提高了智能系统的安全性以及可靠性。
单片机MCU及其辅助电路由AT89S51单片机及其时钟电路和复位电路组成，用来分析以及处理来自数据收集模块的数字信号，然后根据程序的要求发送指令。温度检测电路通过温度检测芯片DS18B20与单片机相连，读取太阳能热水器的温度。由4个水位电极点和公共电极串联电阻组成的水位检测电路，根据水位的不同，输出不同的电压，连接到AD采样芯片转化为数字信号送给单片机分析计算,再重新转化为水位信号。键盘电路和LCD显示电路完成人机对话功能，显示水温水位及接受用户的操作指令上水加热等。报警电路根据水温水位的不同及上水加热的完成情况通过蜂鸣器的鸣叫完成报警指示。辅助上水及加热电路根据用户的指令及仪器根据水位水温自动执行的补水或者加热命令通过继电器执行打开关闭电磁阀完成上水，通过继电器打开或关闭电加热器完成辅助加热功能。

关键词：太阳能热水器 单片机 自动化 智能控制系统


The Design of Domestic Solar Water Heater Control Device
Abstract Solar water heater intelligent control system mainly includes the following modules: single-chip MCU and it’s auxiliary circuit, temperature detection circuit, the water level detection and AD circuit, keyboard circuit, LCD display circuit and an alarm circuit, auxiliary water supply and heating circuit. According to the corresponding design to solve the corresponding problem of automation. Some thoughts on the design of automatic detection and control of some of the features of solar water heater is helpful to improving the actual life has been designed, it can save the cost, improve the price. The solar water heater intelligent control system for paper introduced is the MCS-51 microcontroller as the core, realize the detection and display of the water level of the water storage tank, water temperature, can control the automatic watering, in the light of rainy weather or the cold season of the auxiliary heating, increased water temperature, drain in the cold winter to the water pipe water, prevent the cracking pipes, improve the intelligent system security and reliability.
Single-chip MCU and its auxiliary circuit is composed of AT89S51 single-chip microcomputer and the clock circuit and reset circuit, used for analysis and processing digital signal from the data collection module, then according to the program requirements to send instructions. The temperature detection circuit of temperature detection chip DS18B20 and SCM connected by, read the solar water heater temperature. A level detection circuit composed of 4 level electric pole and a public electrode series resistance, according to the different water levels, different voltage output, connected to the AD sampling chip into digital signal is sent to the single chip computer analysis and calculation, again into the water level signal. The keyboard circuit and LCD display circuit to complete the man-machine dialogue function, display the water temperature and water level and accept user commands water heating. The alarm circuit according to the different heating temperature and water level completion through the buzzer chirping alarm indication. Water or heating command auxiliary water and heating circuit according to the user according to the instructions and instrument automatic water level and water temperature execution call switch closed solenoid valve complete water by relay, the relay to open or close the electric heater complete auxiliary heating function.
Keywords：Solar Water Heater；Single-chip；Automatic；Intelligent Control Device

目 录
引 言 1
第一章 太阳能热水器控制器设计思路 1
第二章 硬件部分设计 3
2.1 MCU及其辅助电路 3
2.1.1 AT89S51单片机特性 4
2.1.2 AT89S51管脚说明 4
2.1.3 时钟电路 6
2.1.4 复位电路 7
2.2 温度检测电路 8
2.2.1 铂电阻温度传感器 9
2.2.2 NTC热敏电阻 9
2.2.3 数字式温度传感器DS18B20 11
2.3 水位检测电路及AD转换模块 13
2.3.1 水位检测电路 13
2.3.2 AD转换模块 13
2.4 键盘电路 14
2.5 LCD液晶电路 15
2.6 报警电路 16
2.7 辅助上水及电热功能电路 17
2.7.1 自动上水 17
2.7.2 辅助电热 17
2.8 太阳能热水器控制系统电源 18
第三章 软件设计部分 19
3.1 主程序流程图 19
3.2 温度传感器DS18B20 20
3.3 A/D数据采集程序 23
3.4 液晶显示电路 26
3.5 报警电路程序 29
3.6 辅助上水加热程序 30
第四章 总结 31
致 谢 32
参考文献 33