圆极化矩形微带天线设计与分析.doc

圆极化矩形微带天线设计与分析

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摘要 微带天线由于它的重量轻、剖面小、容易共形、设计较灵活、成本较低且容易易和等电路相集成等优点得到了广泛的应用，比如导弹导航、雷达、卫星通信等方面。圆极化天线由于对接收电磁波极化方向不敏感，所以将其广泛应用于移动通信当中。Ansoft HFSS 是世界上第一个商业化的三维结构电磁场仿真软件，广泛应用于无线和有线通信、计算机、卫星、雷达和微波集成电路、航空航天等领域。本课题的研究内容主要是基于微带贴片天线结构，使用HFSS的优化功能进行建模设计，仿真及优化2.45GHz频段的微带缝隙天线，并对其当中的一些主要特性进行分析。
论文首先回顾了微带天线的发展史，绍了它的结构、缺点及应用，后给出了微带天线的几种分析方法：括传输线模拟法、腔模型法、全波分析法等，介绍了微带天线圆极化的原理和实现方法以及微带天线的馈电方式。然后在HFSS创建一个圆极化矩形微带天线，分析其中各项参数影响天线性能以及与它之间的关系，包括：辐射贴片长度Lc、同轴馈电点离贴片中心的距离L1、介质基片厚度H、1/4工作波长length，为了实现圆极化天线，进行了优化仿真，查看优化后的天线性能，包括S11、Smith圆图、二维增益方向图、三维增益方向图、并达到了理想的效果。

关键词 圆极化天线 微带天线 HFSS 馈电方式 优化仿真

Design and Analysis of Circularly polarized microstrip antenna
ABSTRACT Microstrip antenna due to its light weight, small profile, easy to conformal, flexible design, low cost and easy integration and other circuits, etc. has been more widely used, such as missile guidance, radar, satellite communications, and so on. Because of the circular-polarization antenna receives an electromagnetic wave polarization direction is not sensitive to which widely used in mobile communication. Ansoft HFSS is the world's first commercial three-dimensional structure of electromagnetic simulation software, widely used in wireless and wired communications, computers, satellites, radar, microwave integrated circuits and semiconductors, aerospace and other fields. The main contents of this paper is based on microstrip patch antenna structure using HFSS optimization features microwave engineering design, simulation and optimization 2.45GHz band microstrip slot antenna, and analyze its characteristics.
Paper first reviews the history of the microstrip antenna, Shao its structure, shortcomings and applications, gives the microstrip antenna after several analytical methods: including transmission line method, the cavity model method, equation method, introduced micro-feed method with circularly polarized antenna theory and implementation methods, and microstrip antennas. Then create a circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna HFSS, wherein the analysis of the parameters affecting its performance, and the relationship between the antenna, such as: the radiation patch length Lc, the coaxial feeding point from the patch center distance L1, dielectric substrate thickness H, 1/4 wavelength length, in order to achieve circular polarization antenna optimized simulation, view the optimized antenna performance, including S11, Smith chart, the two-dimensional gain pattern, three-dimensional gain pattern, and achieve the desired results.
KEY WORDS Circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna microstrip antenna HFSS Feeding methods Optimization and Simulation

目录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景及意义 1
1.3微带天线的优缺点 2
1.4微带天线的应用 3
第二章 圆极化微带天线的基本理论 4
2.1微带天线的辐射机理 4
2.2微带天线的激励方法 4
2.3圆极化微带天线的基本理论 6
2.4本章小结 8
第三章 微带天线小型化技术及分析方法 9
3.1微带天线的小型化技术 9
3.1.1 高介电常数法 9
3.1.2 短路加载法 9
3.1.3 曲流法 10
3.2微带天线的常见分析方法 10
3.2.1传输线模型理论 11
3.2.2腔模理论 11
3.2.3全波分析理论 12
3.3本章小结 12
第四章 HFSS仿真分析方法 13
4.1 Ansoft HFSS 的概述 13
4.2 HFSS的特点 14
4.4设置解算类型 18
4.5边界条件 19
4.6本章小结 20
第五章 圆极化微带天线仿真分析与优化 21
5.1圆极化天线的模型结构 21
5.2圆极化天线的建模和仿真 22
5.2.1 HFSS建模过程 22
5.2.2圆极化天线的仿真结果 24
5.3不同的结构参数对圆极化天线性能的影响 25
5.3.1辐射贴片长度Lc对天线性能的影响 25
5.3.2馈电点到辐射贴片中心的距离L1对天线性能的影响 26
5.3.3介质基片H对天线性能的影响 27
5.3.4 1/4个工作波长length对天线性能的影响 28
5.4圆极化天线的优化设计 29
5.5查看优化后天线性能 32
5.6本章小结 36
第六章 结论与展望 37
参考文献 38