直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统集成及实验研究.doc
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直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统集成及实验研究,摘要燃料电池是一种能将储存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能直接转化成电能的发电装置，具有能量密度高、转换效率高和噪音低等优点，被视为未来化石能源的重要替代品。燃料电池与常规电池特性不同，在燃料电池研究过程中一套专用的性能测量仪器是必不可少的。本文根据课题需求，对直接甲醇燃料电池(dmfc)性能测试系统的功能需求和组成原理进行了...
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摘要
燃料电池是一种能将储存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能直接转化成电能的发电装置，
具有能量密度高、转换效率高和噪音低等优点，被视为未来化石能源的重要替代品。燃
料电池与常规电池特性不同，在燃料电池研究过程中一套专用的性能测量仪器是必不可
少的。本文根据课题需求，对直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)性能测试系统的功能需求和
组成原理进行了深入研究，设计并集成了直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统。
根据DMFC反应物供给需求，改进设计并制作了阳极反应物甲醇溶液供给子系统
和阴极反应物氧气供给子系统。液体供给系统增加了蠕动泵，扩展了系统可供给液体的
流量范围，改进设计了加热模块提高了大流量下温度控制的速度和精度;气体供给系统
分为氧气/空气供给和氢气供给两部分，氧气/空气的供给采用自适应PID控制的方式，
以比例流量阀作为执行器控制供气流量;氢气供给部分使用手动流量阀控制氢气的流
量，保证氢气使用的安全性。
根据DMFC性能监测的需求，设计实现了功率测试仪和串联燃料电池组各单体电
池性能监测子系统。使用功率测试仪实时测量燃料电池电路特定工作点电压、电流，计
算燃料电池输出功率与效率;设计了串联燃料电池组各单体电池性能监测系统，使用模
拟开关阵列切换选通每节单体电池，循环监测其工作点确保电池组安全运行。使用Visual
C++软件编写了上位机程序，接收、显示、存储测量数据。
在保证各子系统工作正常的情况下，将制作完成的四个子系统和已购买的电子负
载、电化学工作站、工业控制计算机合理的布局在仪器柜。各模块联合调试，最终形成
一套完整的DMFC性能测试系统。通过实验验证本系统可以满足课题组研制的直接甲
醇燃料电池(组)的性能测试工作，且系统具有良好的可扩展性。
关键词:燃料电池;DMFC;燃料供给;性能测试;集成
直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统集成及实验研究
IntegrationofDireetMethanolFuelCellTestingSystemand
EXPerimentalStudy
AbstraCt
Flleleell15aneleetroehemicaldevieethateonvertsehemicalenergyoffuelandoxygento
electriePower.Fuelcell15consideredtobeamainsubstituteforfossilenergyresourees
becauseofitsadvantagessuchashighenergydensity， higheffieieneyeonversionandlownoise.
AnexelusivesetofequiPmentforPerformaneetest15neededinstudyoffuelcell，beeause
eharacteristiesoffueleellareverydifferentftommostconventionalbatteries.InthisPaPer，the
funetionrequirementsandeomPositionPrineiPleofDMFCtestingsystemhavebeen
investigatedandaDMFCPerformancetestPlatformwasintegrated.
Boththeanodereaetant(methanolsolution)feedsubsystemandeathodereactant(air)
suPPlysubsystemareimProveddesignedandfabrieatedaeeordingtothereactantsuPPly
requirementsofDMFC.APeristalticPumP15addedintothefuelfeedsystemtoexPandthe
flowraterange.TheaccuraeyandsPeedoftemPeraturecontrolareincreasedbyimProvingthe
heatingblock.ThegassuPPlysystemeanbedividedintotwoParts:anadaPtivePIDeontrol
strategy15aPPliedintheoxygenorairsuPPlyPartusingProPortionalflowvalveastheactuator:
severalmanualflowvalvesareusedinthehydrogensuPPlyParttoensurethesecurity.
AccordingtothePerformaneetestrequirementsofDMFC， aPowertestinginstrumentand
aPerfOrmancemonitoringsystemforindividualcellsinaseriesfuelcellstackaredesignedand
imPlemented.ByusingthePowertestinginstrument， thevoltageandcu仃 entaboutsPecial
Pointoftheeircuiteanbereal一 timemeasuredandthentheoutPutPowerandeffieiencycanbe
ealculated.InPerformancemonitoringsystemforindividualeells， severalanalogmultiPlexers
areusedtoehoicetherelevantindividualcellandthevoltageandcurrentofeaeheellare
measuredtoavoiddamageofeithertheindividualcellorthewholestack.InMicrosoftVisual
C++6.0， asoftwareinterfaeewasProgrammedtodisPlayandstorethemeasureddatawhich
wereusedtoPlotPolarizationcurves.
Afteralltheabovementionedsubsystemsweredebugged， alltheinstrumentsineluding
commereialeleetronieloadandeleetrochemicalworkstationweredistributedintheeabinetto
beanintegralinstrument.Andsubsequently， jointdebugwasearriedout.ExPerimentalresults
haveshownthatthissystemforDMFCcanbeusedtomeasurethePerformanceoffueleell
stack， andWhat’ 5more， ithasagoodextensibility.
Keywords:FuelCell:DMFC二「ueIFeed二PerformaneeTest二Integration
人连理工大学硕十学位论文
目录
摘要.......................................................................................................................……I
AbstraCt........................................................................................................................……11
1绪论........................................................................................................................……1
1.1DMFC的工作原理与燃料电池电源系统................................................……1
1.2DMFC测试系统的组成与研究现状........................................................……5
1.3课题来源.....................................................................................................……7
1.4本文主要工作.......................................................................................······……8
2DMFC反应物供给模块..................................................................................·.·……n
2.1DMFC液体供给系统..............................................................................……n
2.1.1液体供给系统管路改进设计..................................................……，..…12
2.1.2液体加热装置设计........................................................................……13
2.1.3液体供给系统控制原理介绍........……，.........................................……17
2.2DMFC气体供给系统..............................................................................……22
2.2.1气体供给系统改进设计................................................................……22
2.2.2气体供给系统管路实现................................................................……24
2.2.3气体供给系统控制原理介绍........................................................……26
2.3本章小结...................................................................................................……27
3DMFC性能测试模块...................................................................................……，..…28
3.1单点功率测试仪..............................................·········································……28
3.2燃料电池组单体电池性能监测系统.......................................................……31
3.2.1系统整体设计................................................................······.·········……犯
3.2.2数据采集模块的设计与实现........................................................……33
3.2.3上位机程序开发................................................····························……35
3.3其他性能测试仪器介绍...........................................................................……38
3.3.1电化学工作站................................................································……38
3.3.2电子负载........................................................................................……39
3.4本章小结.........……，...................................................................................……40
4测试系统集成与实验..................................................········································……41
4.1模块布局与集成......................................................·································……41
4.2液体供给系统实验...................................……，...······································……42
4.2.1温度传感器标定............................................................................……42
直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统集成及实验研究
4.2.2温度控制实验................................................................................……43
4.2.3疲劳试验.........................……，........................................................……47
4.3气体供给系统实验...................................................................................……48
4.4功率测试仪实验.......................................................................................……49
4.5、串联电池组单电池性能监测实验....................................……，................……53
4.5.1电压、电流测量实验....................................................................……53
4.5.2故障模拟实验................................................................................……54
4.5.3单体电池性能测试........................................................................……54
4.6本章小结...................................................................................................……56
结论....................................................................................................................……57
参考文献..............................................................................................................……58
燃料电池是一种能将储存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能直接转化成电能的发电装置，
具有能量密度高、转换效率高和噪音低等优点，被视为未来化石能源的重要替代品。燃
料电池与常规电池特性不同，在燃料电池研究过程中一套专用的性能测量仪器是必不可
少的。本文根据课题需求，对直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)性能测试系统的功能需求和
组成原理进行了深入研究，设计并集成了直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统。
根据DMFC反应物供给需求，改进设计并制作了阳极反应物甲醇溶液供给子系统
和阴极反应物氧气供给子系统。液体供给系统增加了蠕动泵，扩展了系统可供给液体的
流量范围，改进设计了加热模块提高了大流量下温度控制的速度和精度;气体供给系统
分为氧气/空气供给和氢气供给两部分，氧气/空气的供给采用自适应PID控制的方式，
以比例流量阀作为执行器控制供气流量;氢气供给部分使用手动流量阀控制氢气的流
量，保证氢气使用的安全性。
根据DMFC性能监测的需求，设计实现了功率测试仪和串联燃料电池组各单体电
池性能监测子系统。使用功率测试仪实时测量燃料电池电路特定工作点电压、电流，计
算燃料电池输出功率与效率;设计了串联燃料电池组各单体电池性能监测系统，使用模
拟开关阵列切换选通每节单体电池，循环监测其工作点确保电池组安全运行。使用Visual
C++软件编写了上位机程序，接收、显示、存储测量数据。
在保证各子系统工作正常的情况下，将制作完成的四个子系统和已购买的电子负
载、电化学工作站、工业控制计算机合理的布局在仪器柜。各模块联合调试，最终形成
一套完整的DMFC性能测试系统。通过实验验证本系统可以满足课题组研制的直接甲
醇燃料电池(组)的性能测试工作，且系统具有良好的可扩展性。
关键词:燃料电池;DMFC;燃料供给;性能测试;集成
直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统集成及实验研究
IntegrationofDireetMethanolFuelCellTestingSystemand
EXPerimentalStudy
AbstraCt
Flleleell15aneleetroehemicaldevieethateonvertsehemicalenergyoffuelandoxygento
electriePower.Fuelcell15consideredtobeamainsubstituteforfossilenergyresourees
becauseofitsadvantagessuchashighenergydensity， higheffieieneyeonversionandlownoise.
AnexelusivesetofequiPmentforPerformaneetest15neededinstudyoffuelcell，beeause
eharacteristiesoffueleellareverydifferentftommostconventionalbatteries.InthisPaPer，the
funetionrequirementsandeomPositionPrineiPleofDMFCtestingsystemhavebeen
investigatedandaDMFCPerformancetestPlatformwasintegrated.
Boththeanodereaetant(methanolsolution)feedsubsystemandeathodereactant(air)
suPPlysubsystemareimProveddesignedandfabrieatedaeeordingtothereactantsuPPly
requirementsofDMFC.APeristalticPumP15addedintothefuelfeedsystemtoexPandthe
flowraterange.TheaccuraeyandsPeedoftemPeraturecontrolareincreasedbyimProvingthe
heatingblock.ThegassuPPlysystemeanbedividedintotwoParts:anadaPtivePIDeontrol
strategy15aPPliedintheoxygenorairsuPPlyPartusingProPortionalflowvalveastheactuator:
severalmanualflowvalvesareusedinthehydrogensuPPlyParttoensurethesecurity.
AccordingtothePerformaneetestrequirementsofDMFC， aPowertestinginstrumentand
aPerfOrmancemonitoringsystemforindividualcellsinaseriesfuelcellstackaredesignedand
imPlemented.ByusingthePowertestinginstrument， thevoltageandcu仃 entaboutsPecial
Pointoftheeircuiteanbereal一 timemeasuredandthentheoutPutPowerandeffieiencycanbe
ealculated.InPerformancemonitoringsystemforindividualeells， severalanalogmultiPlexers
areusedtoehoicetherelevantindividualcellandthevoltageandcurrentofeaeheellare
measuredtoavoiddamageofeithertheindividualcellorthewholestack.InMicrosoftVisual
C++6.0， asoftwareinterfaeewasProgrammedtodisPlayandstorethemeasureddatawhich
wereusedtoPlotPolarizationcurves.
Afteralltheabovementionedsubsystemsweredebugged， alltheinstrumentsineluding
commereialeleetronieloadandeleetrochemicalworkstationweredistributedintheeabinetto
beanintegralinstrument.Andsubsequently， jointdebugwasearriedout.ExPerimentalresults
haveshownthatthissystemforDMFCcanbeusedtomeasurethePerformanceoffueleell
stack， andWhat’ 5more， ithasagoodextensibility.
Keywords:FuelCell:DMFC二「ueIFeed二PerformaneeTest二Integration
人连理工大学硕十学位论文
目录
摘要.......................................................................................................................……I
AbstraCt........................................................................................................................……11
1绪论........................................................................................................................……1
1.1DMFC的工作原理与燃料电池电源系统................................................……1
1.2DMFC测试系统的组成与研究现状........................................................……5
1.3课题来源.....................................................................................................……7
1.4本文主要工作.......................................................................................······……8
2DMFC反应物供给模块..................................................................................·.·……n
2.1DMFC液体供给系统..............................................................................……n
2.1.1液体供给系统管路改进设计..................................................……，..…12
2.1.2液体加热装置设计........................................................................……13
2.1.3液体供给系统控制原理介绍........……，.........................................……17
2.2DMFC气体供给系统..............................................................................……22
2.2.1气体供给系统改进设计................................................................……22
2.2.2气体供给系统管路实现................................................................……24
2.2.3气体供给系统控制原理介绍........................................................……26
2.3本章小结...................................................................................................……27
3DMFC性能测试模块...................................................................................……，..…28
3.1单点功率测试仪..............................................·········································……28
3.2燃料电池组单体电池性能监测系统.......................................................……31
3.2.1系统整体设计................................................................······.·········……犯
3.2.2数据采集模块的设计与实现........................................................……33
3.2.3上位机程序开发................................................····························……35
3.3其他性能测试仪器介绍...........................................................................……38
3.3.1电化学工作站................................................································……38
3.3.2电子负载........................................................................................……39
3.4本章小结.........……，...................................................................................……40
4测试系统集成与实验..................................................········································……41
4.1模块布局与集成......................................................·································……41
4.2液体供给系统实验...................................……，...······································……42
4.2.1温度传感器标定............................................................................……42
直接甲醇燃料电池测试系统集成及实验研究
4.2.2温度控制实验................................................................................……43
4.2.3疲劳试验.........................……，........................................................……47
4.3气体供给系统实验...................................................................................……48
4.4功率测试仪实验.......................................................................................……49
4.5、串联电池组单电池性能监测实验....................................……，................……53
4.5.1电压、电流测量实验....................................................................……53
4.5.2故障模拟实验................................................................................……54
4.5.3单体电池性能测试........................................................................……54
4.6本章小结...................................................................................................……56
结论....................................................................................................................……57
参考文献..............................................................................................................……58
