选择性絮凝赤铁矿新工艺研究.doc
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选择性絮凝赤铁矿新工艺研究,45页,44万字-ii-摘要近几年我国铁矿石的进口量连年大幅增加，进口铁矿石的金属量已占我国入炉铁矿石金属量的50%。从目前国内资源的情况来看，经过建国50多年来的开发利用，我国易选的磁铁矿资源正面临紧缺的局面，后备的赤铁矿矿山相对较多，但难选。近年来铁矿石资源不足的矛盾逐渐显现，湖南省通道县境内富有大量的铁矿资源（约...
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45页,44万字
-II-
摘要
近几年我国铁矿石的进口量连年大幅增加，进口铁矿石的金属量已占我国
入炉铁矿石金属量的50%。从目前国内资源的情况来看，经过建国50多年来的
开发利用，我国易选的磁铁矿资源正面临紧缺的局面，后备的赤铁矿矿山相对
较多，但难选。近年来铁矿石资源不足的矛盾逐渐显现，湖南省通道县境内富
有大量的铁矿资源（约2000万吨），其开采对缓解其铁矿石资源不足的矛盾将
起到了重要缓解作用。
通道铁矿属于沉积变质岩铁矿，矿石矿物组成较为简单，主要铁矿物为赤铁
矿；脉石矿物以石英和绢云母为主，其次为绿泥石和方解石等矿物。有用矿物和
脉石矿物嵌布粒度总体偏细，属于难选矿石，它的开发利用具有一定的代表性。
通过对国内外相关文献资料的总结，自行开发了分散剂体系，对其在纯石英
和纯氧化铁上的吸附性能进行了一系列的研究，考察了不同分子量的分散剂、溶
液pH值、溶液温度和纯石英的细度对吸附性能的影响，进一步对其吸附机理进行
了探讨。实验结果表明，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）在石英表面的吸附性能显著高
于其在氧化铁表面的吸附性能，并且随着PVP分子量的增大和温度的升高，吸附
能力增强，但不随溶液的pH值变化而发生改变。
在实验室的选择性分散阶段，主要对不同分散剂，矿浆浓度，矿浆pH值，搅
拌速度，搅拌时间对分散体系的影响进行研究，最终确定较优的分散工艺条件矿
浆浓度为17%、pH=9.5、搅拌速度为1200 r/min、搅拌时间为10min。在选择性絮
凝阶段，发现PVP的选择性絮凝效果明显优于改性玉米淀粉，且水质对絮团的选
择性影响很小，突破了传统的高分子絮凝剂对水质的敏感。
通过对一系列的干式强磁抛尾、湿式强磁、离心选矿、选择性分散絮凝选矿
和反浮选阶段流程进行条件试验，选出各个阶段的最优条件参数进行组合，进行
四种不同的联合流程试验。实验最终确定“阶段磨矿—干式强磁—湿式强磁—选
择性脱泥—反浮选”工艺联合流程为最优工艺流程。该工艺可经济、顺畅的生产
出TFe品位不小于62%，铁金属回收率64.47%的铁精矿。这为下一步通道铁矿资源
的综合开发和利用具有指导作用。
关键词：赤铁矿；石英；选择性分散；选择性絮凝；聚乙烯吡咯烷酮；强磁
选；反浮选
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Abstract
In recent years the import of ironstone is increasing dramatically,the quantity
of ironstone imported accounts for 50%of the total amount using for smelting.After
exploring for more than 50 years,the resource of ironstone is in great shortage and
the store is insufficient as well.By contrast,the domestic reserve of hematite is
relatively more,but hematite is more difficult to separate.Recently,the shortage of
ironstone has become serious,and the exploitation of Tongdao iron ameliorated the
shortage of ironstone for the company.
Tongdao ore belongs to sediment metamorphose hematite ore.Mineral
component is simpleness comparatively,hematite ore consists mainly of iron ore,the
main parts of matrix are quartz and sericite,next about chlorite,calcspar,and so on.
The particles of useful minerals and non-useful minerals are thinner generally,and
difficult to process.So it is of certain representative to develope and utilize.
Dispersing agent system has been developmented by means of summarization of
cross-correlation technique at home and abroad.In this article,the adsorption
behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)on pure quartz and pure iron oxide have
been studied.Many factors which include the different molecular weight of PVP,pH,
the solution temperature and the fineness of quartz were explored on the properties
of adsorption.Further more,the underlying adsorption mechanism are discussed.
The amount of PVP adsorbed onto quartz is significantly higher as compared to iron
oxide.The adsorption capacity for PVP increased with increasing molecular mass
and temperature but is independent of pH.
Compared with other dispersing agents,the dispersing agent system was
applied in the selective desliming stage.Important factors which include the pH,the
stirring rate,the stirring time and pulp density are explored to the dispering system.
Finally,the optimal dispersing technology is determined which include the pulp
concentration of 17%,pH=9.5,stirring rate for 1200 r/min,stirring for 10 minutes.
In selective flocculation stage,it is found that the PVP selective flocculation effect is
better than modified corn starch,and the water quality is little impact the
flocculation-selective breaking the traditional polymer flocculant sensitive to the
water quality.
Through a series of conditions processes,which include dry strong-magnetic,
wet strong-magnetic,centrifugal mineral processing,selective dispersion and-IV-
flocculation process and contra-flotation stage process,the optimal conditions is
selected,and four different joint processes is proposed.Ultimately,the joint process
of"stage of grinding-dry strong-magnetic-wet strong-magnetic-selective desliming-
contra-flotation"is adopted.This process can get TFe of the extract above 62%,
ferrous metals recovery rate of nearly 70%.So show how to explore and use the
mineral in Tongdao.
Keywords:Hematite;Selective dispersion;Selective flocculation;
Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP);Strong-magnetic;Contra-flotation
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目录
第1章文献综述....................................................................................................1
1.1我国铁矿资源的特点......................................................................................1
1.2弱磁性铁矿石选矿方法...................................................................................1
1.2.1重选法.......................................................................................................2
1.2.2焙烧磁选法...............................................................................................2
1.2.3强磁选法...................................................................................................3
1.2.4浮选法.......................................................................................................3
1.2.5选择性絮凝法............................................................................................5
1.2.6生物选矿法...............................................................................................5
1.3我国弱磁性铁矿石选矿技术进展...................................................................6
1.3.1赤铁矿选矿技术进展................................................................................6
1.3.2菱铁矿选矿技术........................................................................................8
1.3.3褐铁矿的选矿技术....................................................................................8
1.4亟待解决的问题..............................................................................................9
1.5研究的意义及主要研究内容...........................................................................9
1.5.1研究的意义...............................................................................................9
1.5.2研究的主要内容......................................................................................10
第2章通道铁矿原矿矿物学研究.........................................................................11
2.1矿样的制取...................................................................................................11
2.2矿石的矿物组成和化学组成.........................................................................11
2.3矿石的结构构造研究..................................................................................11
2.3.1矿石结构.................................................................................................11
2.3.2主要矿物的嵌布特征..............................................................................12
2.4矿石中各矿物的物理性质.............................................................................15
2.5原矿可磨性测定............................................................................................16
2.6单体解离度测定............................................................................................16
2.7小结...............................................................................................................17
第3章选择性分散絮凝体系的研究.....................................................................18
3.1实验药品与仪器............................................................................................18
3.1.1原料规格..................................................................................................18
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3.1.2原料的精制或改姓..................................................................................18
3.1.3实验仪器.................................................................................................18
3.2实验方法.......................................................................................................18
3.2.1比表面积的测定......................................................................................18
3.2.2 Zeta电位的测定.......................................................................................19
3.2.3吸附实验..................................................................................................19
3.2.4分散实验..................................................................................................19
3.2.5絮凝实验..................................................................................................20
3.3聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在石英和氧化铁上的吸附研究...........................................20
3.3.1聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的性质...........................................................................20
3.3.2石英和氧化铁的比表面积测定...............................................................20
3.3.3 pH对石英和氧化铁Zeta电位的影响......................................................21
3.3.4不同分子量的PVP对石英的吸附...........................................................21
3.3.5 pH对吸附的影响.....................................................................................22
3.3.6温度对吸附的影响..................................................................................24
3.3.7细度对吸附的影响..................................................................................24
3.4选择性分散实验研究....................................................................................24
3.4.1不同分散剂对分散的影响.......................................................................25
3.4.2矿浆浓度对分散的影响...........................................................................25
3.4.3 pH值对分散的影响.................................................................................27
3.4.4搅拌时间和速度对分散的影响...............................................................27
3.5选择性絮凝实验研究....................................................................................28
3.5.1不同絮凝剂对选择性絮凝的影响...........................................................28
3.5.2不同水质对选择性絮凝的影响...............................................................28
3.6小结...............................................................................................................29
第4章联合流程选矿试验....................................................................................30
4.1主要试剂及仪器设备....................................................................................30
4.1.1选矿试剂.................................................................................................30
4.1.2仪器设备.................................................................................................30
4.2试验方法.....................................................................................................30
4.3结果与讨论.................................................................................................31
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4.3.1干式强磁.................................................................................................31
4.3.2湿式强磁.................................................................................................32
4.3.3离心选矿.................................................................................................34
4.3.4选择性分散絮凝选矿..............................................................................36
4.3.5反浮选.....................................................................................................38
4.3.6联合流程的选择......................................................................................39
4.4小结.............................................................................................................42
结论....................................................................................................................44
参考文献.................................................................................................
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摘要
近几年我国铁矿石的进口量连年大幅增加，进口铁矿石的金属量已占我国
入炉铁矿石金属量的50%。从目前国内资源的情况来看，经过建国50多年来的
开发利用，我国易选的磁铁矿资源正面临紧缺的局面，后备的赤铁矿矿山相对
较多，但难选。近年来铁矿石资源不足的矛盾逐渐显现，湖南省通道县境内富
有大量的铁矿资源（约2000万吨），其开采对缓解其铁矿石资源不足的矛盾将
起到了重要缓解作用。
通道铁矿属于沉积变质岩铁矿，矿石矿物组成较为简单，主要铁矿物为赤铁
矿；脉石矿物以石英和绢云母为主，其次为绿泥石和方解石等矿物。有用矿物和
脉石矿物嵌布粒度总体偏细，属于难选矿石，它的开发利用具有一定的代表性。
通过对国内外相关文献资料的总结，自行开发了分散剂体系，对其在纯石英
和纯氧化铁上的吸附性能进行了一系列的研究，考察了不同分子量的分散剂、溶
液pH值、溶液温度和纯石英的细度对吸附性能的影响，进一步对其吸附机理进行
了探讨。实验结果表明，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）在石英表面的吸附性能显著高
于其在氧化铁表面的吸附性能，并且随着PVP分子量的增大和温度的升高，吸附
能力增强，但不随溶液的pH值变化而发生改变。
在实验室的选择性分散阶段，主要对不同分散剂，矿浆浓度，矿浆pH值，搅
拌速度，搅拌时间对分散体系的影响进行研究，最终确定较优的分散工艺条件矿
浆浓度为17%、pH=9.5、搅拌速度为1200 r/min、搅拌时间为10min。在选择性絮
凝阶段，发现PVP的选择性絮凝效果明显优于改性玉米淀粉，且水质对絮团的选
择性影响很小，突破了传统的高分子絮凝剂对水质的敏感。
通过对一系列的干式强磁抛尾、湿式强磁、离心选矿、选择性分散絮凝选矿
和反浮选阶段流程进行条件试验，选出各个阶段的最优条件参数进行组合，进行
四种不同的联合流程试验。实验最终确定“阶段磨矿—干式强磁—湿式强磁—选
择性脱泥—反浮选”工艺联合流程为最优工艺流程。该工艺可经济、顺畅的生产
出TFe品位不小于62%，铁金属回收率64.47%的铁精矿。这为下一步通道铁矿资源
的综合开发和利用具有指导作用。
关键词：赤铁矿；石英；选择性分散；选择性絮凝；聚乙烯吡咯烷酮；强磁
选；反浮选
-III-
Abstract
In recent years the import of ironstone is increasing dramatically,the quantity
of ironstone imported accounts for 50%of the total amount using for smelting.After
exploring for more than 50 years,the resource of ironstone is in great shortage and
the store is insufficient as well.By contrast,the domestic reserve of hematite is
relatively more,but hematite is more difficult to separate.Recently,the shortage of
ironstone has become serious,and the exploitation of Tongdao iron ameliorated the
shortage of ironstone for the company.
Tongdao ore belongs to sediment metamorphose hematite ore.Mineral
component is simpleness comparatively,hematite ore consists mainly of iron ore,the
main parts of matrix are quartz and sericite,next about chlorite,calcspar,and so on.
The particles of useful minerals and non-useful minerals are thinner generally,and
difficult to process.So it is of certain representative to develope and utilize.
Dispersing agent system has been developmented by means of summarization of
cross-correlation technique at home and abroad.In this article,the adsorption
behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)on pure quartz and pure iron oxide have
been studied.Many factors which include the different molecular weight of PVP,pH,
the solution temperature and the fineness of quartz were explored on the properties
of adsorption.Further more,the underlying adsorption mechanism are discussed.
The amount of PVP adsorbed onto quartz is significantly higher as compared to iron
oxide.The adsorption capacity for PVP increased with increasing molecular mass
and temperature but is independent of pH.
Compared with other dispersing agents,the dispersing agent system was
applied in the selective desliming stage.Important factors which include the pH,the
stirring rate,the stirring time and pulp density are explored to the dispering system.
Finally,the optimal dispersing technology is determined which include the pulp
concentration of 17%,pH=9.5,stirring rate for 1200 r/min,stirring for 10 minutes.
In selective flocculation stage,it is found that the PVP selective flocculation effect is
better than modified corn starch,and the water quality is little impact the
flocculation-selective breaking the traditional polymer flocculant sensitive to the
water quality.
Through a series of conditions processes,which include dry strong-magnetic,
wet strong-magnetic,centrifugal mineral processing,selective dispersion and-IV-
flocculation process and contra-flotation stage process,the optimal conditions is
selected,and four different joint processes is proposed.Ultimately,the joint process
of"stage of grinding-dry strong-magnetic-wet strong-magnetic-selective desliming-
contra-flotation"is adopted.This process can get TFe of the extract above 62%,
ferrous metals recovery rate of nearly 70%.So show how to explore and use the
mineral in Tongdao.
Keywords:Hematite;Selective dispersion;Selective flocculation;
Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP);Strong-magnetic;Contra-flotation
-V-
目录
第1章文献综述....................................................................................................1
1.1我国铁矿资源的特点......................................................................................1
1.2弱磁性铁矿石选矿方法...................................................................................1
1.2.1重选法.......................................................................................................2
1.2.2焙烧磁选法...............................................................................................2
1.2.3强磁选法...................................................................................................3
1.2.4浮选法.......................................................................................................3
1.2.5选择性絮凝法............................................................................................5
1.2.6生物选矿法...............................................................................................5
1.3我国弱磁性铁矿石选矿技术进展...................................................................6
1.3.1赤铁矿选矿技术进展................................................................................6
1.3.2菱铁矿选矿技术........................................................................................8
1.3.3褐铁矿的选矿技术....................................................................................8
1.4亟待解决的问题..............................................................................................9
1.5研究的意义及主要研究内容...........................................................................9
1.5.1研究的意义...............................................................................................9
1.5.2研究的主要内容......................................................................................10
第2章通道铁矿原矿矿物学研究.........................................................................11
2.1矿样的制取...................................................................................................11
2.2矿石的矿物组成和化学组成.........................................................................11
2.3矿石的结构构造研究..................................................................................11
2.3.1矿石结构.................................................................................................11
2.3.2主要矿物的嵌布特征..............................................................................12
2.4矿石中各矿物的物理性质.............................................................................15
2.5原矿可磨性测定............................................................................................16
2.6单体解离度测定............................................................................................16
2.7小结...............................................................................................................17
第3章选择性分散絮凝体系的研究.....................................................................18
3.1实验药品与仪器............................................................................................18
3.1.1原料规格..................................................................................................18
-VI-
3.1.2原料的精制或改姓..................................................................................18
3.1.3实验仪器.................................................................................................18
3.2实验方法.......................................................................................................18
3.2.1比表面积的测定......................................................................................18
3.2.2 Zeta电位的测定.......................................................................................19
3.2.3吸附实验..................................................................................................19
3.2.4分散实验..................................................................................................19
3.2.5絮凝实验..................................................................................................20
3.3聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在石英和氧化铁上的吸附研究...........................................20
3.3.1聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的性质...........................................................................20
3.3.2石英和氧化铁的比表面积测定...............................................................20
3.3.3 pH对石英和氧化铁Zeta电位的影响......................................................21
3.3.4不同分子量的PVP对石英的吸附...........................................................21
3.3.5 pH对吸附的影响.....................................................................................22
3.3.6温度对吸附的影响..................................................................................24
3.3.7细度对吸附的影响..................................................................................24
3.4选择性分散实验研究....................................................................................24
3.4.1不同分散剂对分散的影响.......................................................................25
3.4.2矿浆浓度对分散的影响...........................................................................25
3.4.3 pH值对分散的影响.................................................................................27
3.4.4搅拌时间和速度对分散的影响...............................................................27
3.5选择性絮凝实验研究....................................................................................28
3.5.1不同絮凝剂对选择性絮凝的影响...........................................................28
3.5.2不同水质对选择性絮凝的影响...............................................................28
3.6小结...............................................................................................................29
第4章联合流程选矿试验....................................................................................30
4.1主要试剂及仪器设备....................................................................................30
4.1.1选矿试剂.................................................................................................30
4.1.2仪器设备.................................................................................................30
4.2试验方法.....................................................................................................30
4.3结果与讨论.................................................................................................31
-VII-
4.3.1干式强磁.................................................................................................31
4.3.2湿式强磁.................................................................................................32
4.3.3离心选矿.................................................................................................34
4.3.4选择性分散絮凝选矿..............................................................................36
4.3.5反浮选.....................................................................................................38
4.3.6联合流程的选择......................................................................................39
4.4小结.............................................................................................................42
结论....................................................................................................................44
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