清华大学考研辅导强化班英语写作讲义.doc
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清华大学考研辅导强化班英语写作讲义,页数：28字数：13959第一讲 general introduction(总记)i. general introduction (总论)1. the role of writing (写作的地位)2. requirements for writing in the exam (考试对...
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清华大学考研辅导强化班英语写作讲义
页数：28 字数：13959
第一讲 General Introduction(总记)
I. General Introduction (总论)
1. The Role of Writing (写作的地位)
2. Requirements for Writing in the Exam (考试对写作的要求)
II. Use of Language (语言的使用)
1. The use of words（选取最恰当的词使表达生动鲜明、充实而有效）
1) 简易常用词和拼读复杂词
由于历史的缘故，英语和北欧语、希腊语、意大利语和法语有着密切的联系，由此出现许多外来词。而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。一般来说，外来词较长，拼写与记忆较难，多用于正式文体，如政府文件、学术性著作、法律文书等，属于拼读复杂词；本语词拼写较短，多用于日常写作及会话，属于简易常用词。从应试的角度来说，由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高，我们提倡多使用，这样可以提高表达效率，使文章清楚明了，又可减少错误率。
Examples:
ask (本语) question(法语) interrogate (拉丁语)
2) 一般词和具体词
一般词具有概括和抽象的特点，适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明，适于展开主题。
Examples:
Plant: tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruit
Vegetable: cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic, potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower, pepper broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms, tomatoes
Fruit: apple, peach, pear, strawberry, grapes, orange, watermelon, pineapple, mango, bananas, kiwifruit, cherry, apricot
Walk: edge, limp, shuffle, trudge, trot, pace, stagger, toddle, stroll
Look: see, watch, observe, perceive, sight, spot scan, glance peer, stare, gaze, behold
Laugh: giggle, titter, chuckle, grin, guffaw
Cry: weep, sob, groan, wail, lament, whimper
第二讲 写作考试中一些常用词
3）写作考试中一些常用词
*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.
*She is getting married in next month.
*His body is healthy.
*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.
*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.
1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.
2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.
3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.
4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.
After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.
5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.
6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.
The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.
She has led a worthy life.
7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware
8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent
9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior
10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many of
A great deal of, a great amount of, a bit of
A lot of, a quantity of, plenty of
11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have
12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.
Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.
2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)
1) 句子成分的一致性
*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.
*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.
*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.
*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
但，
Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French.
To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.
Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.
2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性
*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)
*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)
*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)
*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)
*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)
*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.
3）写作考试中一些常用词
*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.
*She is getting married in next month.
*His body is healthy.
*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.
*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.
1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.
2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.
3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.
4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.
After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.
5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.
6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.
The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.
She has led a worthy life.
7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware
8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent
9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior
10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many of
A great deal of, a great amount of, a bit of
A lot of, a quantity of, plenty of
11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have
12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.
Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.
2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)
1) 句子成分的一致性
*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.
*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.
*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.
*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
但，
Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French.
To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.
Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.
2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性
*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)
*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)
*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)
*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)
*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)
*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.
第三讲 句子的完整性
3) 句子的完整性
*My father who is very kind, learned and helped me a lot in my life.
*They enjoy read
页数：28 字数：13959
第一讲 General Introduction(总记)
I. General Introduction (总论)
1. The Role of Writing (写作的地位)
2. Requirements for Writing in the Exam (考试对写作的要求)
II. Use of Language (语言的使用)
1. The use of words（选取最恰当的词使表达生动鲜明、充实而有效）
1) 简易常用词和拼读复杂词
由于历史的缘故，英语和北欧语、希腊语、意大利语和法语有着密切的联系，由此出现许多外来词。而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。一般来说，外来词较长，拼写与记忆较难，多用于正式文体，如政府文件、学术性著作、法律文书等，属于拼读复杂词；本语词拼写较短，多用于日常写作及会话，属于简易常用词。从应试的角度来说，由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高，我们提倡多使用，这样可以提高表达效率，使文章清楚明了，又可减少错误率。
Examples:
ask (本语) question(法语) interrogate (拉丁语)
2) 一般词和具体词
一般词具有概括和抽象的特点，适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明，适于展开主题。
Examples:
Plant: tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruit
Vegetable: cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic, potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower, pepper broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms, tomatoes
Fruit: apple, peach, pear, strawberry, grapes, orange, watermelon, pineapple, mango, bananas, kiwifruit, cherry, apricot
Walk: edge, limp, shuffle, trudge, trot, pace, stagger, toddle, stroll
Look: see, watch, observe, perceive, sight, spot scan, glance peer, stare, gaze, behold
Laugh: giggle, titter, chuckle, grin, guffaw
Cry: weep, sob, groan, wail, lament, whimper
第二讲 写作考试中一些常用词
3）写作考试中一些常用词
*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.
*She is getting married in next month.
*His body is healthy.
*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.
*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.
1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.
2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.
3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.
4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.
After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.
5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.
6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.
The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.
She has led a worthy life.
7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware
8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent
9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior
10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many of
A great deal of, a great amount of, a bit of
A lot of, a quantity of, plenty of
11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have
12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.
Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.
2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)
1) 句子成分的一致性
*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.
*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.
*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.
*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
但，
Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French.
To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.
Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.
2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性
*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)
*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)
*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)
*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)
*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)
*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.
3）写作考试中一些常用词
*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.
*She is getting married in next month.
*His body is healthy.
*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.
*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.
1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.
2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.
3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.
4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.
After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.
5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.
6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.
The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.
She has led a worthy life.
7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware
8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent
9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior
10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many of
A great deal of, a great amount of, a bit of
A lot of, a quantity of, plenty of
11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have
12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.
Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.
2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)
1) 句子成分的一致性
*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.
*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.
*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.
*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
但，
Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French.
To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.
Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.
2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性
*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)
*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)
*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)
*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)
*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)
*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.
第三讲 句子的完整性
3) 句子的完整性
*My father who is very kind, learned and helped me a lot in my life.
*They enjoy read
