发展中国家的公共管理改革和管理创新(外文及翻译).rar

发展中国家的公共管理改革和管理创新(外文及翻译)

中文：4900字
英文：32000字符

摘要
经常地，传统观点迷惑了富有国家提倡的有关管理创新的管理时尚。这一概念上的错误能并且经常导致严重的实际错误特别是发展中国家。它是一个错误因为创新简单地意味着新奇和改变。这一事物清晰的伴随物也许可以被认为老的事物可以被看成新的，反之亦然。
错误可能特别严重特别是对发展中国家因为缺口发生在正在流行的美国或者英国或者日本和其他的管理是最宽广的当管理实务在这些富有的国家和发展中国家的贫穷国家形成对比时。在许多发展中国家好组织的基础原理和提供的服务是可以通过管理时尚预先设定的。而且，严重的资源缺乏和极度的贫穷想结合清晰地意味着这样的错误给发展中国家造成的损失是值得考虑的。几乎相同的争论能提到公共管理改革。对于管理创新和公共管理改革的解释通常需要时间，需要什么，他们在被认为是'国际最佳实践'中提到的国家已经喜欢的人，不论本地情况。仿真的国际最佳实践'是诱人的，因为它暗示政府表现和暗示提供服务的裂口，而这一裂口经常出现在发达国家和发展中国家之间能够被简单公式应用架桥。它是诱人还因为广泛 倾向认为它是目前 单独 管理技术中它它恰好,成功解释了相关的服务。这一简单化是一个很严重的错误和失败的一个重要的因素的发展援助。



Abstract.All too frequently, conventional wisdom confuses the application of management fashion or fad, usually as promoted in the rich countries, with ‘management innovation’. This is a conceptual error that can, and frequently does, lead to serious practical mistakes , particularly in developing countries. It is an error because innovation simply connotes novelty and change.

The clear concomitant of this being that what may be regarded as old in one setting may be seen as new in another, and vice versa. The error can be especially serious for developing countries because the gap between what happens to be in vogue in, say, America or England or Japan, and management elsewhere, is at its widest when comparisons are made between management practice in these (rich)countries and the poor countries of the developing world. In many developing countries the underlying fundamentals of good organization，and service delivery, which are presupposed by management fashion or fad, do not work as they should, or may be missing altogether. Moreover, the combination of severe resource scarcity and (often) extreme poverty clearly means that when such mistakes are made the costs to developing countries can be considerable......