微处理化系统与软件{外文翻译}.rar

微处理化系统与软件{外文翻译}

包含中文翻译和英文原文，内容详细完整，建议下载参考！

中文： 3275 字
英文： 10313 字符

一．微处理化系统介绍
广义地说，电子系统是用来处理信息的，这种信息可以是电话谈话、仪器读数或者是企业账户，但是各种情况都会有相同的操作：信息处理、存储和传送。在普通的电子设计中，这些操作都是以功能平台方式组合起来的，例如计数器，无论是电子型的还是机械型的，都要存储当前值，并按要求将该值加1。诸如采用计数器的电子表之类的任意系统要使其存储和处理能力遍布整个系统，因为每个计数器都要存储和处理一些数据。
目前微处理化系统与上述的常规方法不同，它将处理、存储和传输三个功能隔离形成不同的系统单元。折中形成三个主要单元的分离方法是冯•诺依曼在20世纪40年代所设计出来的，并且是对计算机的设想。从此几乎所有制成的计算机都是采用这种结构制造的，尽管包扩宽广的物理形式，从根本上说他们是具有相同的基本设计 ......



Systems Using Microprocessors And Software
1.Introduction to Systems Using Microprocessors
Electronic systems are used for handing information may be telephone conversation ,instrument reading or a company’s accounts,but in each case the same main tpes of operational are involvoed:theprocessing,storage and trabsmission of information.In conventional electronic design these operations are combined at the function level:for exampal a counter ,whetherelctronic or machanical,stores the current count and increments it by one as required.A system such as an electronic clock which employs counter is abie to store and process numbers.
Present day microproceeeor based systemdepart from this conventional approch by separating the three functions of processing,storage,and transmission into different sections of the system.this partioning into three main functions was devised by Von Neumann during the 1940s , and was not conceived especially for microcomputers. Almost every computer ever made has been designed with this structuer , and despite the enormous range in their qhysicai forms, they have all been of essentially the same basic design.
In a microprocessor based system the procesing will be performed in the microprocessor itself .the storage will be by meanss of memory circuits and the communication of information into and out of the system will be by means of special input/output (I/O) circuits. It would be impossible to identify a particular piece of hardware which performed the counting in a microprocessor based clock because the time would be stored in he memory and incremented at regular intervals by the microprocessor ,However , the software which defined the ......