便携式机械振动检测仪的设计.doc

便携式机械振动检测仪的设计

摘    要
机械振动的危害很大，为了防振、减振，机械振动检测越来越受到人们的重视。因此，机械振动检测仪也应用而生正朝着便携化、智能化的方向发展。本系统是基于单片机控制的便携式机械振动检测仪器。便携式机械振动检测仪可以对处于工作状态的结构或部件的振动进行实时测量和分析。测定振动体某处的位移、速度、加速度的大小等。与传统的振动检测仪器相比，此次仪器具有体积小、重量轻、携带使用方便并且能够实现在线实时监测从而达到实时控制的目的。
本系统使用两个CS-CD-505型速度传感器，直接将不同位置的两个振动信号送到放大器，放大的信号通过低通滤波器才能得到系统需要的有用信号，同时可以有效的滤除由信号传送、前置放大等模拟信号的处理中串入的50Hz的工频干扰。信号再通过采样保持后，得到同时刻的模拟信号，模拟信号经A/D转换后成为数字信号送到控制芯片来分析处理。系统一旦发现所测信号超出设定值范围将发出警报以达到实时监测的目的。
本系统硬件实现信号的采集，软件系统实现信号的处理，速度信号经过求导得到位移，而加速度可以通过对速度信号的积分而得到。同样的道理，对速度信号进行傅立叶变换就可以得到频率信号。

关键词：振动，单片机，信号检测

ABSTRACT

Mechanical vibration of the great harm to vibration, vibration, mechanical vibration test more and more people's attention. Therefore, the mechanical vibration detector of Health are also applications in the portable and intelligent direction. The system is based on the control of the microcontroller portable mechanical vibration test equipment. Portable mechanical vibration detector can work in a state of the structural components of the vibration or conduct real-time measurement and analysis. Determination of vibration somewhere in the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the size. With the traditional vibration detection instruments, equipment, a small size, light weight, portable and easy to achieve on-line real-time monitoring to achieve real-time control purposes.
    The system uses two CS-CD-505-type speed sensors directly to the two different locations vibration signal to the amplifier, to enlarge the signal through the low pass filter can be a useful signal system needs, and can effectively filter out from Signal transmission, preamplifier, and other analog signal processing in the string of 50 Hz to the frequency interference. To maintain signal through sampling, received the same time the analog signal, analog signal by the A / D converter to become a digital signal to the chip to control analysis. Once a measurement system by setting the scope beyond the signal will be issued a warning to achieve real-time monitoring purposes.
    The system hardware signals in the collection, the software system to achieve signal processing, speed signal derivation by displacement, and the acceleration of speed through the signal and get points. The same token, the FT-speed signals can be frequency signals.

Key words：Vibration, SCM , Signal Detection
 

目录
1 绪论 1
1.1机械振动检测的任务和重要性 1
1.2 检测过程和检测系统的组成 2
2 系统简介 4
2.1振动信号的特征 4
2.2数据采集系统 4
2.3系统原理框图 5
3 系统元件选择 7
3.1单片机的选用 7
3.1.1主要性能参数 7
3.1.2功能特性概述 7
3.1.3管脚描述 7
3.1.4中断 9
3.1.5操作模式 9
3.2 CS-CD-505传感器 10
3.3 前置放大器 12
3.4 采样保持器 13
3.5 A/D转换器 14
3.5.1内部结构 14
3.5.2引脚功能 16
4 系统界面 19
4.1 LABVIEW软件简介 19
4.2 系统界面 19
5 系统软件的设计 20
5.1信号参数的求解 20
5.1.1 位移信号 20
5.1.2加速度信号 20
5.2程序流程图 21
5.2.1主程序流程图 21
5.2.2 A/D转换中断服务程序 21
5.2.3 写一个字到闪存子程序流程图 22
5.2.4 存储子程序流程图 23
5.3 程序的编写 24
5.3.1主程序 24
5.3.2 A/D中断服务程序 25
5.3.3 外部存储器写入数据程序 26
5.3.4 外部存储器写入数据程序 27
6 结论…………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
7 致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
参 考 文 献 30
附录A：电气原理图…………………………………………………………………………29