花岗石开采定向爆破刻槽刀具设计.doc

摘    要

石材矿山是整个石材工业发展的基础，而选用哪一种最经济的方法能开采出无裂隙，无内伤并且具有理想规格的石材荒料，迄今仍是人们比较感兴趣的话题，随着生产发展的需要，必然对科学技术的进步产生极大推动作用，因此，国内外各种各样的采矿方法应运而生．其中刻槽爆破开采法广泛应用于工程实际中．所谓刻槽爆破就是用机械和水流等方法在孔壁预计开裂方向上刻轴向槽 ，使爆炸能对所刻介质的开裂位置、开裂方向进行控制的一种断裂控制爆破方法.
现有的刻槽方式如刻槽钻头等，存在许多缺点，如效率低下，槽线质量差，操作不方便等．本文正是在这种背景下，结合实际情况，创新设计出旋转式刻槽刀具．该系统动力部分是一个电锤，主体部分是一个传动系统，将电锤水平面内的旋转运动转化为刻槽刀片的垂直旋转运动，达到高速切削出槽线的目的．该系统能提高刻槽效率，提高槽线质量，并降低石材加工的成本。

关键词：凿岩机械；岩孔；刻槽爆破

ABSTRACT

Stone Mines is the whole foundation of stone industrial’s development, and the choice of which one of the most economic way to the exploitation of non-fracture, non-internal injuries and has ideal specifications of the stone material, so far people are still interested in the topic.With the development of the production, it plays a great role in promoting the scientific and technological progress, therefore, a wide variety of domestic and international mining methods have emerged. One groove blasting mining method is widely used in practice. The fracture control blasting is to use methods such as mechanical and water to crack in the direction of the axial, so that the explosion can control the cracking of location, direction in the cracking method.　
Existing methods such as the notch groove bit, there are many shortcomings, such as low efficiency, the notch groove of poor quality, and inconvenient operation. This article is in this context, with the practical situation, innovatively design rotary groove cutter. The driving force of the systerm is a electic hammer, the main part is a transmission system, which transmit rotating in the plane to rotating in the vertical plane, so that the notch groove can be cut in high-speed. The system can improve the groove efficiency, notch groove’s quality, and reduce the cost of stone processing.

Key words：drilling machine, rock hole, groove blasting

目   录
摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪论 1
1.1 前 言 1
1.2 刻槽爆破技术的现状发展 2
1.2.1 刻槽爆破技术的起源发展 2
1.2.2 国内刻槽爆破技术的现状 3
1.2.3 刻槽的技术难点 4
1.3 课题来源及意义 4
1.4 本文的主要研究内容 5
2 动力源及刀具的选型 6
2.1 刀具选型 6
2.2 动力源选型 6
2.2.1 产品结构和工作原理 6
2.2.2 性能 6
2.2.3 压缩真空式冲击机构 7
2.2.4 电锤选型 8
2.3 验证动力源是否满足功率要求 8
3 传动系统设计 10
3.1 传动方案的设计 10
3.2 锥齿轮传动设计 10
3.2.1 主要参数计算 10
3.2.2 直齿锥齿轮的几何计算： 11
3.2.3 强度校核： 14
3.2.4 确定齿轮制造精度 20
3.3 带传动设计 21
3.3.1 梯形齿同步带传动的设计计算 21
3.3.2 同步带的几何尺寸 22
3.3.3 确定同步带的几何尺寸并绘图 22
3.4 轴设计 23
3.4.1 选择材料 23
3.4.2 按轴所受扭矩初估轴的最小直径 23
3.4.3 轴的受力分析 24
3.4.4 轴的疲劳强度安全系数校核计算 26
3.5 轴承设计 27
3.5.1 滚动轴承的尺寸选择计算 27
3.5.2 轴承支撑圈的设计 27
4 花岗岩内施加外力的方式 29
4.1 低能炸药 29
4.2 复合楔和液压分裂机 29
4.3 膨胀剂 29
4.4 注意 29
5 结论 30