基于arm7嵌入式dnc智能终端硬件平台开发.doc

基于ARM7嵌入式DNC智能终端硬件平台开发

摘    要

随着计算机技术、网络技术在工业生产中的日益普遍应用，数控加工的网络化、集成化已成为必然的趋势。分布式数控（Distributed Numerical Control，DNC）是实现网络化、集成化数控加工的主要手段之一。本课题就是研究一种基于ARM7嵌入式DNC智能终端硬件平台。
本文主要工作是以ARM微处理器(采用ARM7TDMI内核的三星公司推出的S3C44B0x)及其外围电路为硬件基础，以uClinux作为嵌入式操作系统，构建一个嵌入式系统平台。
本文共分为五个部分：
第一部分首先概述了嵌入式系统、DNC的定义、组成及发展现状，着重介绍了uClinux操作系统；
第二部分首先分析了系统的功能需求，然后根据功能需求规划了整体的结构方案；
第三部分以三星公司的S3C44BOX微处理器作为主芯片，以片内外设为基础搭建一个基于ARM7芯片的嵌入式系统硬件平台；
第四部分讨论了Boot Loader的开发及调试，主要完成了u-boot向S3C44B0X的移植；
最后，根据已有的硬件配置，分析了驱动程序的开发及调试。并以I2C驱动程序为例，详细介绍了字符型设备驱动程序的开发过程。

关键词：DNC，嵌入式，S3C44B0X，u-boot移植,驱动

ABSTRACT

As the technology of the computer and network are more generally used in the manufacturing production, the networking and integration have already become an inevitable trend in manufacturing based on numerical control machine. DNC (Distributed Numerical Control) is one of the main means for realizing the networked and integrated numerical control processes.
This paper is based on the ARM processor (using the ARM7TDMI core, Samsung’s S3C44BOX) and the external circuit as the hardware foundation and in uClinux Embedded operating system as a building Embedded System Platform.
There are five parts in this paper:
In part one, the brief introduction is given to the DNC and Embedded System, and a detailed introduction is given to the uClinux Operating System;
In part two, the function needed by the system is talked first. Then, the entire structure is designed according to the function;
In part three, we set up a hardware platform of embedded control system based on ARM7 chip. The hardware takes ARM7 mic-processor S3C44B0X of Samsung Corporation as its chief chip;
Then, in part four, the design of the Boot Loader files is talked first, and then we mainly complete the u-boot transplant from u-boot to S3C44B0X board;
At last, according to the existing hardware configuration, the development and debugging of drivers is introduced. Take the IIC driver as an example: the article describes the developing process of the character device driver in detail.

Key words: DNC, Embedded, S3C44B0X, u-boot transplant, driver

目   录

摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  绪论 1
1.1 嵌入式的现状及趋势 1
1.1.1 嵌入式系统的定义 1
1.1.2 嵌入式技术的现状及发展趋势 1
1.1.3 嵌入式系统的组成 2
1.2 uClinux嵌入式操作系统概述 2
1.2.1 uClinux系统简介 2
1.2.2 uClinux的组成结构 3
1.2.3 uClinux启动过程分析 4
1.3 课题背景 5
2  DNC智能终端总体方案设计 6
2.1 系统总体要求 6
2.2 总体方案设计 6
3  硬件设计 7
3.1 硬件总体结构框架 7
3.2 微处理器的选择 7
3.2.1 ARM7芯片及其体系结构 7
3.2.2 S3C44B0X概述 9
3.3 Flash接口设计 10
3.4 SDRAM接口设计 11
3.5 I2C总线 12
3.5.1 I2C总线的概念及作用 12
3.5.2 I2C总线基本原理 13
3.5.3 总体特征 14
3.6 网络接口设计 14
3.6.1 芯片概述 14
3.6.2 芯片特性 15
3.7 串口设计 16
3.8 ADC设计 16
3.8.1 ADC的概念 16
3.8.2 ADC的工作原理 17
3.8.3 S3C44B0X的ADC 17
4  BOOT LOADER的开发及调试 19
4.1 BOOT LOADER概述 19
4.1.1 Boot Loader介绍 19
4.1.2 Boot Loader的启动 19
4.2 U-Boot概述 22
4.2.1 U-boot的作用及其加载过程 22
4.2.2 U-boot移植前的准备工作 24
4.3 U-boot移植实践 25
4.3.1 U-boot的具体移植过程 25
4.3.2 U-boot的编译及其调试 32
5  驱动程序的开发及调试 34
5.1 设备驱动程序结构分析 34
5.1.1 uClinux下驱动程序的开发 34
5.1.2 与驱动相关的内核数据结构 35
5.2 字符型驱动开发 37
5.2.1 字符型驱动程序的添加步骤 37
5.2.2 实例—I2C驱动程序 37
6  结论 45
参 考 文 献 46