基于机器视觉的精密检测系统控制系统设计.doc

基于机器视觉的精密检测系统控制系统设计

摘    要

机器视觉检测是基于机器视觉技术、光学测量原理形成的一种新型检测技术,被广泛应用于几何量的尺寸测量、航空遥感测量、高精度定位、精密复杂零件的微尺寸测量和零件外观检测等与图像有关的技术领域中。如何提高检测精度成为该领域的重要研究课题。
本文论述了视觉检测系统的检测原理、组成，分析了影响系统精度的主要因素，并提出了消除或者减少误差的有效方法。分析了现有的亚像素检测技术，提出了一种亚像素边缘检测方法——最小二乘曲线拟合法，大大提高了获取边缘的精度。构建了圆形零件视觉检测系统，运用提出的算法，提高了系统的检测精度。

关键词：机器视觉，误差分析，边缘检测，图像处理

ABSTRACT
                          
Machine vision testing is based on machine vision technology, optical measuring principle of formation of a new detection technology are widely used in geometric measurement of the size of the aviation remote sensing measurements, high-precision positioning, sophisticated parts and components in micro-size measuring appearance detection and image-related technologies in the field. How to improve the accuracy of the field to become an important research topic.
   This article discusses the visual detection system detection theory, composition, analysis of the impact on the accuracy of the main factors, and the elimination or reduction of error effective way. Analysis of the existing sub-pixel detection technology, a sub-pixel edge detection methods - least-squares curve-fitting, thereby greatly increasing the access to the edge of precision. Construction of the radio parts visual inspection system, using the algorithm to improve the detection accuracy of the system.

Key words: visual inspection ,error analysis, the accuracy, image processing, servo motor control

目   录
摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
目录---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
一、绪论------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 机器视觉的发展及应用----------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 机器视觉及主动视觉的特点---------------------------------------------------------------3
1.3 课题的主要任务及实现途径---------------------------------------------------------------5
二、机器视觉测量系统测量平台的建立---------------------------------------------------------------6
2.1 机器视觉测量系统的硬件的配备-----------------------------------------------------------6
    2.2 机器视觉测量平台的建立------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
三、机器视觉测量系统的DMC5400的编程和控制系统设计----------------------------------14
    3.1 DMC5400运动控制卡简介----------------------------------------------------------------------14
    3.2 DMC5400与交流伺服电机的接口电路设计----------------------------------------------15
    3.3 开环与闭环控制系统简介------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
    3.4 系统控制方案-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
四、基于VC6.0的相机的运动控制可视化编程-----------------------------------------------------19
    4.1 VC6.0简介------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
    4.2 面向对象编程-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
    4.3 可视化控制界面---------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
五、图像处理及分析的编程------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
    5.1 图像处理------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
    5.2 边缘检测------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
    5.3 边缘跟踪------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
    5.4最小二乘法直线拟合----------------------------------------------------------------------------31
六、实验及结论------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
    6.1 实验及误差分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
    6.2 总结--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
致谢---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
参考文献--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37