小型双面平衡机设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

小型双面平衡机设计
15700字        31页

摘    要

    课题的中心任务是要研制出具有静偶分离特征的新型动平衡机的摆架结构，并实现在低转速下的高精度动不平衡量测量。为此，在摆架机械结构上进行创新设计，做到平动刚度与扭动刚度匹配、平动固有频率与扭动固有频率接近，并提高摆架系统的振动中心位置；在测量系统方面，改进电路设计、减小外界干扰和误差以提高测量精度。
    为实现静不平衡和偶不平衡的有效分离，设计了 HVB1-30新的硬支承双面动平衡机摆架结构并对其振动结构进行了深入分析。由于新的摆架结构采用变截面结构，平动刚度与扭动刚度相匹配，且采用多只传感器相互垂直地布置于测量点处，这样新的动平衡机可以直接测量静不平衡和偶不平衡，两者相互影响极小。采用新摆架结构的动平衡机特别适合于飞行物体的惯性测量，且克服了传统的双面双面动平衡机长期以来平面分离不佳的缺点。
    本文还分析了皮带、轴承等对动平衡测量的影响，也分析了系统误差。
本文研制的新型双面动平衡机，可以准确地测量工件的静不平衡与偶不平衡，可以更精确地了解工件的质量特性。可以预见，新型双面动平衡机在我国国防与航天航空领域必将得到广泛地应用。另外，本文研制的新型双面动平衡机无疑成为我国动平衡机生产上的新品种，可适用多种工件的双面动平衡测试，这对我国双面动平衡机的推广应用也具有重要意义。

关键词：动平衡机，振动结构，静不平衡量，偶不平衡量，模态分析

ABSTRACT
   The primary task is to develop new-type swing frame of vertical dynamic balancing machine with static-couple separation character, and to measure the amount of dynamic unbalance at low rotation velocity. Therefore, various new-type swing frames are designed out. Their translation stiffness are assort with their torsion stiffness, the translation natural frequencies are closed to the torsion natural frequencies. The positions of the vibration centers of new-type swing frame systems are improved. To improve the measurement precision, the circuit is amended and the disturbing signals and measurement errors are reduced.
   To separate the static unbalance and couple unbalance effectively, the HVB1-30 types of hard bearing vertical dynamic balancing machines are designed and their vibration structures are analyzed in detail in this dissertation. There are many variational-section spring boards in the new swing frames. The translation stiffness is assort with the torsion stiffness. Furthermore, there are several sensors on the measurement points, fixed vertically and horizontally respectively. Therefore, the new dynamic balancing machines can measure static unbalance and couple unbalance directly,and the influence between them is faint. The new vertical dynamic balancing machines are III suitable for inertial measurement of flying objects, and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional vertical dynamic balancing machines, in which the effect of plane-separation is inferior. The vertical dynamic balancing machines with the new vibration structures can be widely used in the future applications.
   The effects that belt and bearings act on the dynamic balancing measurement and system errors are analyzed also in this dissertation.
   The new vertical dynamic balancing machines can measure the static unbalance and couple unbalance well and truly find out the mass properties of work-piece. The new types of vertical dynamic balancing machines must be applied widely in national defence, space flight and voyage fields. Furthermore, they are new varieties in dynamic balancing machine field in our country. Various work-pieces can be balanced by the new machines, which can accelerate vertical dynamic balancing machines to be used widely.

   Key words： dynamic-balancing-machine,Vibration-structure，Static-unbalance，Couple-unbalance;Modalanalysis，Dynamic-simulation

目   录

摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  绪论 1
1.1 研究的背景与意义. 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.3 本文的主要工作 4
2  方案拟订 5
2.1 摆架机构设计 5
2.2 主轴机构设计 10
2.3 传动机构设计 11
2.4 床身设计 11
3  设计计算 13
3.1带轮的设计计算 13
3.2 摆架设计计算 14
3.3 夹具设计……………………………………………………………………………17
3.3.1 定心夹紧机构的工作原理及分类      ………………………………………… 17
3.3.2 弹性夹头的设计与计算          ……………………………………………18
3.3.3 弹性筒夹的材料及热处理规范  …………………………………………… 19 

4  新型双面动平衡机的其他几个问题   20
4.1 皮带驱动对动平衡精度的影响 20
4.2 轴承对动平衡精度的影响 20
4.3 双面动平衡机系统误差分析 21
5  全文总结 24
5.1 本文的主要成果 24
5.2 应进一步研究的问题 24
5.3 应用展望 24
致谢 27
参考文献 28